Emerging role of dual biologic therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Biologic agents have now been used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for many years where experience, expertise and confidence in their use has developed over time. In the United Kingdom, there are well established guidelines and recommendations for both single agent biologic treatments, and with combination therapy of a biologic agent with a small molecule agent in maintenance therapy. In recent times, there has been increasing interest and experience using dual biologic therapy (DBT) in IBD, primarily in difficult to treat and refractory cases with high disease burden.

Gastrointestinal and liver adverse effects of anti-tumoral immune therapy: from recognition to treatment.

Anti-tumoral immune therapy consists of monoclonal antibodies that target intra-cellular immune checkpoints-which under normal circumstances, act as regulators of T-cell immunity. By serving as inhibitors of cellular checkpoints, monoclonal antibodies stimulate the immune system thus augmenting the body's response against cancer. These immune-enhancers or stimulators have revolutionized the treatment of malignancy as they continue to show improvement in the overall survival of cancer patients.

An updated overview of spectrum of gluten-related disorders: clinical and diagnostic aspects.

The incidence of gluten-related disorders (GRDs) continues to increase and its global prevalence is estimated at approximately 5% of the population. Celiac disease (CD), dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), gluten ataxia (GA), wheat allergy (WA), and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are the five major GRDs that present with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of GRDs can be challenging because the typical and atypical clinical manifestations of the GRDs overlap.

Anxiety Symptoms in Adult Celiac Patients and the Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet: An Iranian Nationwide Study.

Introduction: Psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety, are considered extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease (CD).

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the level of anxiety in treated patients with CD in Iran.

Methods: A total of 283 CD patients (190 female, 93 male) were enrolled in a study during 2016-2018 from 9 centers in Iran.

Lack of health care professional's awareness for management of celiac disease may contribute to the under diagnosis of celiac disease.

Aim: We assessed the knowledge of physicians regarding diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease (CD).

Background: Specialists as the main therapist group of CD patients may play crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of CD. Therefore, training and ensuring their capabilities is important.

ROC-king onwards: intraepithelial lymphocyte counts, distribution & role in coeliac disease mucosal interpretation.

Objectives: Counting intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) is central to the histological diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD), but no definitive 'normal' IEL range has ever been published. In this multicentre study, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off between normal and CD (Marsh III lesion) duodenal mucosa, based on IEL counts on >400 mucosal biopsy specimens.

Design: The study was designed at the International Meeting on Digestive Pathology, Bucharest 2015.

The effect of education on the knowledge of patients with celiac disease.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of education on patients' knowledge of celiac disease, in an Iranian population.

Background: Education can increase patients' knowledge regarding their disease, leading to improvements in their health.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who had been diagnosed with celiac disease.

H.pylori associated with iron deficiency anemia even in celiac disease patients; strongly evidence based but weakly reflected in practice.

Inflammation can lead to malabsorption of important micronutrients such as iron. Malabsorption and nutritional deficiency can be caused by a variety of pathological and environmental factors causing a range of other symptoms commonly caused by both H. pylori infection and coeliac disease (CD).

BOB CAT: A Large-Scale Review and Delphi Consensus for Management of Barrett's Esophagus With No Dysplasia, Indefinite for, or Low-Grade Dysplasia.

Objectives: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a common premalignant lesion for which surveillance is recommended. This strategy is limited by considerable variations in clinical practice. We conducted an international, multidisciplinary, systematic search and evidence-based review of BE and provided consensus recommendations for clinical use in patients with nondysplastic, indefinite, and low-grade dysplasia (LGD).

Microscopic enteritis: Bucharest consensus.

Microscopic enteritis (ME) is an inflammatory condition of the small bowel that leads to gastrointestinal symptoms, nutrient and micronutrient deficiency. It is characterised by microscopic or sub-microscopic abnormalities such as microvillus changes and enterocytic alterations in the absence of definite macroscopic changes using standard modern endoscopy. This work recognises a need to characterize disorders with microscopic and submicroscopic features, currently regarded as functional or non-specific entities, to obtain further understanding of their clinical relevance.

Geographic trends and risk of gastrointestinal cancer among patients with celiac disease in Europe and Asian-Pacific region.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects genetically predisposed individuals upon the ingestion of gluten. It is now considered one of the most common genetic disorders in Europe and Asian Pacific region with a prevalence of up to 2.67% of the population.

The role of celiac disease in severity of liver disorders and effect of a gluten free diet on diseases improvement.

Context: Celiac disease (CD) is defined as a permanent intolerance to ingested gluten. The intolerance to gluten results in immune-mediated damage of small intestine mucosa manifested by villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia. These abnormalities resolve with initiationa gluten-free diet.

The effects of gluten-free diet on hypertransaminasemia in patients with celiac disease.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune mediated condition that leads to small bowel atrophy and improve with a gluten free diet (GFD). Extra-intestinal manifestations of CD include hypertransaminasemia. In this study, the effects of a GFD on hypertransaminasemia in patients with newly diagnosed CD were studied.

Cancer nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale which may exert a revolutionary impact on cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanotechnology is being applied to cancer in two broad areas: i) the development of nanovectors such as nanoparticles which can be loaded with drugs or imaging agents and then targeted to tumours, and ii) high-throughput nanosensor devices for detecting the biological signatures of cancer. Combined, such technologies could lead to earlier diagnosis and better treatment for cancer patients.