Utility of Point of Care and Rapid Diagnostics in Humanitarian Emergencies.

Background: In 2019, there were 70.8 million forcibly displaced people worldwide. Among the top causes of morbidity and mortality were measles, diarrhea, respiratory illness, and malaria.

Medical services at ultra-endurance foot races in remote environments: medical issues and consensus guidelines.

An increasing participation in ultra-endurance foot races is cause for greater need to ensure the presence of appropriate medical care at these events. Unique medical challenges result from the extreme physical demands these events place on participants, the often remote settings spanning broad geographical areas, and the potential for extremes in weather conditions and various environmental hazards. Medical issues in these events can adversely affect race performance, and there is the potential for the presentation of life-threatening issues such as exercise-associated hyponatremia, severe altitude illnesses, and major trauma from falls or animal attacks.

Success of Senegal's first nationwide distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets to children under five - contribution toward universal coverage.

Background: In 2009, the first national long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) distribution campaign in Senegal resulted in the distribution of 2.2 million LLINs in two phases to children aged 6-59 months. Door-to-door teams visited all households to administer vitamin A and mebendazole, and to give a coupon to redeem later for an LLIN.

Search and rescue in Yosemite National Park: a 10-year review.

Objective: To describe the general characteristics and epidemiology of search and rescue (SAR) in Yosemite National Park (YNP) and identify possible areas for intervention directed at reduction in use of these services.

Methods: Yosemite Search and Rescue (YOSAR) personnel record every search and rescue mission on a Search and Rescue Incident Report. The information contained in these reports was used to perform a retrospective review of all SAR missions within YNP during the 10-year study period between January 1990 and December 1999.

Pattern of injury and illness during expedition-length adventure races.

Objective: To describe injuries and illnesses treated during an expedition-length adventure race and combine the results with those from previous studies to identify common patterns of injury and illness during these events.

Methods: The 2003 Subaru Primal Quest Expedition Length Adventure Race was held in Lake Tahoe, CA, from September 5 to 14, 2003. Eighty teams of 4 individuals participated.

Injury and illness during a multiday recreational bicycling tour.

Objective: To describe the incidence and types of injury and illness treated during a multiday recreational bicycling tour.

Methods: In July 2001, 2100 bicyclists rode 520 miles from Minneapolis, MN, to Chicago, IL, during the 2001 Heartland AIDS Ride. A volunteer medical staff provided medical care along the route.

Wilderness medicine: strategies for provision of medical support for adventure racing.

In adventure racing, or multisporting, athletes perform multiple disciplines over a course in rugged, often remote, wilderness terrain. Disciplines may include, but are not limited to, hiking, trail running, mountain biking, caving, technical climbing, fixed-line mountaineering, flat- and white-water boating, and orienteering. While sprint races may be as short as 6 hours, expedition-length adventure races last a minimum of 36 hours up to 10 days or more and may cover hundreds of kilometres.

Event medicine: injury and illness during an expedition-length adventure race.

To describe the incidence and type of injury and illness occurring during an expedition-length adventure race and identify those resulting in withdrawal from the event, a prospective cohort study was conducted of the injuries and illness treated during the Subaru Primal Quest Expedition Adventure Race trade mark held in Colorado July 7-16, 2002. All racers, support crewmembers, and race staff were eligible to participate in the study. When a member of the study group received medical care due to an injury or illness, the encounter was recorded on a Medical Encounter Form.

To air is human: altitude illness during an expedition length adventure race.

Objective: To calculate the incidence and prevalence of altitude illness (acute mountain sickness [AMS], high altitude pulmonary edema, and high altitude cerebral edema) during an expedition length adventure race and to determine factors contributing to its development as well as identify cases requiring medical treatment, withdrawal from the event, or both.

Methods: The Primal Quest Expedition Length Adventure Race was held in Colorado in July 2002. Sixty-two coed teams of four participated in the event.

Wilderness medicine.

Wilderness medicine is not a single entity. It encompasses clinical practice, instruction, and research as they pertain to wilderness settings. Clinical practice often takes place in removed settings far from traditional medical resources and facilities.