Levels of Emotional Awareness: a model for conceptualizing and measuring emotion-centered structural change.

The need to establish the efficacy of psychoanalytic long-term treatments has promoted efforts to operationalize psychic structure and structural change as key elements of psychoanalytic treatments and their outcomes. Current, promising measures of structural change, however, require extensive interviews and rater training. The purpose of this paper is to present the theory and measurement of Levels of Emotional Awareness (LEA) and to illustrate its use based on clinical case vignettes.

Models, metaphors and psychopathology: commentary on Javanbakht's "bugs and bowls".

The theory of bugs and bowls," as outlined by Javanbakht (2005), is, in essence a psychobiological metaphor for understanding psychotic processes. It attempts to bridge psychological and biological explanations for psychotic phenomena by using the metaphor of "bugs and bowls." In this metaphor, the bowl represents the organism's capacity to contain its own inner experience.

Psychometric Properties of ABPN-Style Oral Examinations Administered Jointly by Two Psychiatry Residency Programs.

The authors examined the reliability and validity of American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology-style oral exams (ASOs) given jointly by two schools. ASOs were given to 80 psychiatry residents from all four postgraduate years during the study period. Interrater reliability was near perfect for two years at one university, but it was much weaker at the second site.