Grenfell Tower Fire: Toxic Effluents and Assessment of Firefighters' Health Impacts.

Objective: This study assesses the health symptoms and longer-term health outcomes of firefighters who attended the Grenfell Tower fire.

Methods: All available data sources were analyzed, including databases published by the Public Inquiry, the Firefighter Cancer and Disease Registry, incident logs, and sickness reports up to 3 years postfire.

Results: More than three times as many firefighters who reported exposure to smoke during the fire also reported digestive and respiratory diseases following the fire, compared with those not reporting exposure to smoke.

Grenfell Tower Fire: Firefighters' Activities and Their Exposure to Fire Smoke and Heat.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the smoke exposure of firefighters who attended the Grenfell Tower fire during the initial 20 hours.

Methods: As no compilation of exposure data exists, data were compiled from nine unconnected sources, including the Grenfell Tower Inquiry, firefighters' statements, incident logs, and the UK Firefighter Cancer and Disease Registry.

Results: Of the 628 firefighters who attended, information was available from 524.

Analysis of fire deaths in Poland and influence of smoke toxicity.

Dwelling fires have changed over the years because building contents and the materials used in then have changed. They all contribute to an ever-growing diversity of chemical species found in fires, many of them highly toxic. These arise largely from the changing nature of materials in interior finishes and furniture, with an increasing content of synthetic materials containing higher levels of nitrogen, halogen and phosphorus additives.

Toxic Combustion Product Yields as a Function of Equivalence Ratio and Flame Retardants in Under-Ventilated Fires: Bench-Large-Scale Comparisons.

In large-scale compartment fires; combustion product yields vary with combustion conditions mainly in relation to the fuel:air equivalence ratio (Φ) and the effects of gas-phase flame retardants. Yields of products of inefficient combustion; including the major toxic products CO; HCN and organic irritants; increase considerably as combustion changes from well-ventilated (Φ < 1) to under-ventilated (Φ = 1⁻3). It is therefore essential that bench-scale toxicity tests reproduce this behaviour across the Φ range.