Systolic hypertension as side effect of topical low dose atropine drops.

Purpose: To present a case of increased systemic hypertension and pupil dilation related to low dose atropine eyedrops.

Observations: A thirteen-year-old male with progressive myopia received atropine 0.05% ophthalmic drops to slow down myopia progression.

Glaucoma-Related Adverse Events at 10 Years in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Glaucoma-related adverse events constitute serious complications of cataract removal in infancy, yet long-term data on incidence and visual outcome remain lacking.

Objective: To identify and characterize incident cases of glaucoma and glaucoma-related adverse events (glaucoma + glaucoma suspect) among children in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) by the age of 10.5 years and to determine whether these diagnoses are associated with optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessment.

Outcomes of Bilateral Cataract Surgery in Infants 7 to 24 Months of Age Using the Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Treatment Study Registry.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of bilateral cataract surgery in children aged 7 to 24 months and compare rates of adverse events (AEs) with other Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study (TAPS) registry outcomes.

Design: Retrospective clinical study at 10 Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) sites. Statistical analyses comparing this cohort with previously reported TAPS registry cohorts.

Safety and efficacy data supporting U.S. FDA approval of intracameral phenylephrine and ketorolac 1.0%/0.3% for pediatric cataract surgery: clinical safety and pupil and pain management.

Purpose: To assess the safety of phenylephrine and ketorolac (PE/K) 1.0%/0.3% compared with phenylephrine (PE) 1.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

Outcomes of Bilateral Cataracts Removed in Infants 1 to 7 Months of Age Using the Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Treatment Study Registry.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of bilateral cataract surgery in infants 1 to 7 months of age performed by Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) investigators during IATS recruitment and to compare them with IATS unilateral outcomes.

Design: Retrospective case series review at 10 IATS sites.

Participants: The Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study (TAPS) is a registry of children treated by surgeons who participated in the IATS.

Sudden-onset trochlear nerve palsy: clinical characteristics and treatment implications.

Purpose: To identify clinical characteristics, etiologies, and treatment implications of sudden-onset, acquired cases of superior oblique palsy.

Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with trochlear nerve palsy between January 2010 and January 2018 were reviewed retrospectively to identify cases of acquired trochlear nerve palsy with a specific date of onset of acute symptoms or specific causative incident. Patients with congenital palsies or an uncertain date of onset, history of other strabismus, concomitant oculomotor or abducens nerve palsies, or history of strabismus surgery were excluded.

Outcomes of Unilateral Cataracts in Infants and Toddlers 7 to 24 Months of Age: Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study (TAPS).

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of unilateral cataract surgery in children 7 to 24 months of age.

Design: Retrospective case series at 10 Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) sites.

Participants: The Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study is a registry of children treated by surgeons who participated in the IATS.

Long-term efficacy of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in the management of glaucoma following cataract surgery in children.

Purpose: To report the long-term efficacy of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) in pediatric glaucoma following cataract surgery (GFCS).

Methods: ECP was performed on 35 eyes of 25 patients <16 years of age with GFCS. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years.

Immediate Postoperative Alignment Measurements as a Predictor of Alignment Stability in Fixed Suture Strabismus Surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of immediate postoperative alignment measurements as a predictor of future alignment stability in fixed suture strabismus surgery.

Methods: Forty-seven patients were prospectively evaluated after undergoing horizontal or vertical rectus muscle surgery using a fixed suture technique. Alignment measurements were taken approximately 1 hour, 1 to 3 weeks, and 2 to 3 months postoperatively.

An international survey of classification and treatment choices for group D retinoblastoma.

Aim: To determine which IIRC scheme was used by retinoblastoma centers worldwide and the percentage of D eyes treated primarily with enucleation versus globe salvaging therapies as well as to correlate trends in treatment choice to IIRC version used and geographic region.

Methods: An anonymized electronic survey was offered to 115 physicians at 39 retinoblastoma centers worldwide asking about IIRC classification schemes and treatment patterns used between 2008 and 2012. Participants were asked to record which version of the IIRC was used for classification, how many group D eyes were diagnosed, and how many eyes were treated with enucleation versus globe salvaging therapies.

Peters anomaly in PHACE syndrome.

PHACE syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder, with a complex pathogenesis. It presents with a large facial hemangioma associated with anomalies of the posterior fossa of the brain, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, coarctation of the aorta, and eye anomalies. Ocular abnormalities are rare.

Anisometropia at Age 5 Years After Unilateral Intraocular Lens Implantation During Infancy in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study.

Purpose: To report the prevalence of anisometropia at age 5 years after unilateral intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in infants.

Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Fifty-seven infants in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) with a unilateral cataract were randomized to IOL implantation with an initial targeted postoperative refractive error of either +8 diopters (D) (infants 28 to <48 days of age) or +6 D (infants 48-210 days of age).

Myopic Shift 5 Years after Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study.

Purpose: To report the myopic shift at 5 years of age after cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for infants enrolled in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS).

Methods: Refractions were performed at 1 month and every 3 months postoperatively until age 4 years and then at ages 4.25, 4.

Comparison of the rate of refractive growth in aphakic eyes versus pseudophakic eyes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study.

Purpose: To compare the rate of refractive growth (RRG) between aphakic eyes and pseudophakic eyes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS).

Setting: Twelve clinical sites across the United States.

Design: Randomized clinical trial.

A pilot randomized clinical trial of intermittent occlusion therapy liquid crystal glasses versus traditional patching for treatment of moderate unilateral amblyopia.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of intermittent occlusion therapy (IO therapy) using liquid crystal glasses and continuous occlusion therapy using traditional adhesive patches for treating amblyopia.

Methods: Children 3-8 years of age with previously untreated, moderate, unilateral amblyopia (visual acuity of 20/40 to 20/100 in the amblyopic eye) were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Amblyopia was associated with strabismus, anisometropia, or both.

High-sensitivity sequencing reveals multi-organ somatic mosaicism causing DICER1 syndrome.

Background: Somatic mosaicism is being increasingly recognised as an important cause of non-Mendelian presentations of hereditary syndromes. A previous whole-exome sequencing study using DNA derived from peripheral blood identified mosaic mutations in DICER1 in two children with overgrowth and developmental delay as well as more typical phenotypes of germline DICER1 mutation. However, very-low-frequency mosaicism is difficult to detect, and thus, causal mutations can go unnoticed.

Use of the Delphi process in paediatric cataract management.

Purpose: To identify areas of consensus and disagreement in the management of paediatric cataract using a modified Delphi approach among individuals recognised for publishing in this field.

Design: A modified Delphi method.

Participants: International paediatric cataract experts with a publishing record in paediatric cataract management.

Outcome of pediatric patients referred for papilledema.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of papilledema versus pseudopapilledema among children referred for suspected papilledema and to identify clinical factors differentiating the two diagnoses.

Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional analysis of patients <18 years old referred to a pediatric ophthalmology clinic for suspected papilledema by ophthalmoscopic examination between April 2012 and February 2014. Patients underwent detailed ophthalmologic and, when indicated, neurologic evaluation to determine the presence or absence of papilledema.

Macular structural characteristics in children with Down syndrome.

Purpose: This prospective study aimed to investigate macular structural characteristics in children with Down syndrome compared to those in healthy children.

Methods: Two groups of children (aged 6-16 years) were enrolled: children with Down syndrome (Down syndrome group, N = 17) and age-matched healthy children who were full-term at birth (control group, N = 18). Eligible patients had visual acuity of 20/100 or better and gestational age at birth of ≥ 36 weeks.

Comparison of 360-degree versus traditional trabeculotomy in pediatric glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) control of pediatric glaucoma patients undergoing traditional trabeculotomy (<360 degrees or partial) with those receiving 360-degree circumferential trabeculotomy.

Methods: The medical records of pediatric glaucoma patients receiving trabeculotomy at a single institution from 2000 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: a traditional trabeculotomy group and 360-degree trabeculotomy group.