Can emergency medicine practitioners predict disposition of psychiatric patients based on a brief medical evaluation?

Objective: Emergency medicine practitioners (EMPs) often provide 'medical clearance' before evaluation by a psychiatry practitioner (PP). We set out to determine the level of agreement between EMP impression and disposition as determined by PPs.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective observational study in an urban tertiary teaching hospital emergency department.

Plant root distributions and nitrogen uptake predicted by a hypothesis of optimal root foraging.

CO(2)-enrichment experiments consistently show that rooting depth increases when trees are grown at elevated CO(2) (eCO(2)), leading in some experiments to increased capture of available soil nitrogen (N) from deeper soil. However, the link between N uptake and root distributions remains poorly represented in forest ecosystem and global land-surface models. Here, this link is modeled and analyzed using a new optimization hypothesis (MaxNup) for root foraging in relation to the spatial variability of soil N, according to which a given total root mass is distributed vertically in order to maximize annual N uptake.

Why is plant-growth response to elevated CO amplified when water is limiting, but reduced when nitrogen is limiting? A growth-optimisation hypothesis.

Experimental evidence indicates that the stomatal conductance and nitrogen concentration ([N]) of foliage decline under CO enrichment, and that the percentage growth response to elevated CO is amplified under water limitation, but reduced under nitrogen limitation. We advance simple explanations for these responses based on an optimisation hypothesis applied to a simple model of the annual carbon-nitrogen-water economy of trees growing at a CO-enrichment experiment at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. The model is shown to have an optimum for leaf [N], stomatal conductance and leaf area index (LAI), where annual plant productivity is maximised.

Mechanisms linking plant productivity and water status for a temperate Eucalyptus forest flux site: analysis over wet and dry years with a simple model.

A simple process-based model was applied to a tall Eucalyptus forest site over consecutive wet and dry years to examine the importance of different mechanisms linking productivity and water availability. Measured soil moisture, gas flux (CO, HO) and meteorological records for the site were used. Similar levels of simulated HO flux in 'wet' and 'dry' years were achieved when water availability was not confined to the first 1.

Linking leaf and tree water use with an individual-tree model.

We tested the ability of a model to scale gas exchange from leaf level to whole-tree level by: (1) measuring leaf gas exchange in the canopy of 10 trees in a tall Eucalyptus delegatensis RT Baker forest in NSW, Australia; (2) monitoring sap flow of the same 10 trees during the measurement week; and (3) using an individual-tree-based model (MAESTRA) to link the two sets of measurements. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance components of the model were parameterized with the leaf gas exchange data, and canopy structure was parameterized with crown heights, dimensions and leaf areas of each of the measurement trees and up to 45 neighboring trees. Transpiration of the measurement trees was predicted by the model and compared with sap flow data.

Pro-active management of beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide: baseline monitoring, risk assessment, and isolation of resistance.

Susceptibility to tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide of beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)] from the southern United States and Thailand was determined through exposure of first and third instars to dipped cotton leaves. Among the field populations evaluated, tebufenozide LC50 values for first and third instars, respectively, ranged from 0.377 to 4.