La haute fiabilité en soins de santé: la création d'une culture et d'une mentalité favorisant la sécurité des patients.

Les préjudices que subissent les patients recevant des soins de santé représentent un fardeau considérable et peuvent avoir de graves répercussions sur les patients et les familles ainsi que sur la capacité des systèmes de santé de gérer l'accès des patients, leurs déplacements dans le système et les temps d'attente. L'intérêt pour la science de la haute fiabilité, mise au point à l'origine dans des secteurs comme l'aviation commerciale, qui ont un bilan exceptionnel en matière de sécurité, est une nouvelle tendance en soins de santé qui pourrait aider les organisations et les systèmes à atteindre le but ultime : zéro préjudice subi par les patients. Cet article fait valoir que zéro préjudice au patient est un impératif fondamental et que la science de la haute fiabilité peut aider à accélérer et à soutenir les progrès vers ce but vital.

High reliability in healthcare: creating the culture and mindset for patient safety.

Occurrences of patient harm in healthcare represent a significant burden, with serious implications for patients and families and for the capacity of health systems to manage patient access, flow, and wait times. Interest in the science of high reliability, developed originally in industries such as commercial airlines that have demonstrated exceptional safety records, is an emerging trend in healthcare with the potential to help organizations and systems achieve the ultimate goal of zero patient harm. This article argues that zero patient harm is a fundamental imperative, and that high-reliability science can help to accelerate and sustain progress toward this vital goal.

A team training program using human factors to enhance patient safety.

Beginning in 2005, the aorn foundation and Safer Healthcare implemented a human factors program based on Crew Resource Management training in five diverse surgical facilities across the United States. Highly interactive, customized training sessions were designed to help clinicians standardize communication, enhance teamwork, implement preprocedure briefings and postprocedure debriefings, maintain situational awareness, and recognize red flags in the workplace. Pretraining and post-training surveys were used to determine the effectiveness of the program.

Antifreeze ingestion by dogs and rats: influence of stimulus concentration.

Ingestive responses of 50 rats and 4 gastric-cannulated dogs to ethylene glycol-based antifreeze (AF) were found to be inversely related to concentration. The antifreeze was never preferred to water. Do thirsty animals that encounter weak AF solutions drink them solely for their water content, water-related oral tactile sensations, or both, being inadvertently poisoned in the process?

Marijuana odor perception: studies modeled from probable cause cases.

The 4th Amendment of the United States Constitution protects American citizens against unreasonable search and seizure without probable cause. Although law enforcement officials routinely rely solely on the sense of smell to justify probable cause when entering vehicles and dwellings to search for illicit drugs, the accuracy of their perception in this regard has rarely been questioned and, to our knowledge, never tested. In this paper, we present data from two empirical studies based upon actual legal cases in which the odor of marijuana was used as probable cause for search.