PHACES syndrome: a review.

Large, segmental, cervicofacial hemangiomas are often associated with anomalies of intracranial, cardiovascular, and ophthalmic systems as well as ventral development.

Acute and subacute awake injection laryngoplasty for thoracic surgery patients.

The rehabilitation of glottic incompetence by injection laryngoplasty is important in the management of thoracic surgery patients with vocal cord paralysis. This group of patients presents special considerations that favor injection under local anesthesia. The objective of this study is to characterize our experience with this minimally invasive approach in both the acute and subacute settings.

Relationship between the development of autoimmunity and sensorimotor gating in MRL-lpr mice with reduced IL-2 production.

MRL-lpr mice develop systemic lupus-like autoimmune disease associated with changes in emotional reactivity and spatial learning and memory. Although the major immunological deficit in MRL-lpr mice is uncontrolled lymphoproliferation associated with a Fas gene mutation, these mice have a marked deficit in interleukin-2 (IL-2) production which, when treated, can prevent the development of autoimmune disease. Moreover, both MRL-lpr and IL-2 knockout mice manifest alterations in hippocampal cytoarchitecture and cognitive behavior.

IL-2/15 receptor-beta gene deletion alters neurobehavioral performance.

The common IL-2/15 receptor-beta (IL-2/15Rbeta) is an essential signaling subunit that is shared exclusively by IL-2 and IL-15, and is enriched in the hippocampal formation and related limbic regions. We have previously shown that mice lacking IL-2 exhibit alterations in hippocampal-dependent learning, sensorimotor gating and accompanying reductions in hippocampal infrapyramidal mossy neuronal fiber length. Although the effects of exogenous IL-2 on various aspects of forebrain neuronal function are well documented, it is unclear whether IL-15 has neuromodulatory actions.