Inequality in Physical Activity in Organized Group Settings for Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Adult-led organized settings for children (eg, classrooms) provide opportunities for physical activity (PA). The structure of setting time may influence inequalities (ie, unequalness) in the distribution of PA. This study examined differences in PA inequality by setting and time-segment purpose in time-segmented organized group settings for children.

Investigate-Design-Practice-Reflect: An Iterative Community-Engaged Action Process to Improve Population Health.

Background: Community-based coalitions are a common strategy for community engagement efforts targeting the improvement of a variety of population health outcomes. The typical processes that coalitions follow to organize efforts include steps that are sequential, slow, and time intensive. These processes also limit local decision-making to the selection of evidence-based policies or programs.

Inequality in Children's Physical Activity Across Time-Segmented Youth Sport Practice.

Youth sport (YS) is a community system for promoting children's physical activity (PA). Studies have examined mean PA during YS practices, but few have examined inequalities in the distribution of PA among children during practice time. This study examined PA inequality in time-segmented YS practices and differences in inequality by time segment characteristics.

Community-engaged Systems for Population Health Improvement: A Novel Approach to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Rural Communities.

Background: Approaches to prevent and manage diabetes at a community population level are hindered because current strategies are not aligned with the structure and function of a community system. We describe a community-driven process based on local data and rapid prototyping as an alternative approach to create diabetes prevention and care management solutions appropriate for each community. We report on the process and provide baseline data for a 3-year case study initiative to improve diabetes outcomes in two rural Nebraska communities.

Sociodemographic influences on youth sport participation and physical activity among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural communities.

Introduction: Lack of physical activity (PA) among children living in rural communities is a documented public health problem. Although studies have examined community conditions defined by a rural-urban dichotomy, few have investigated rural community conditions with a concentration of Hispanic/Latino people. This cross-sectional study examined sociodemographic characteristics associated with youth sport (YS) participation and daily PA among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural U.

Indicators of community physical activity resources and opportunities and variation by community sociodemographic characteristics: A scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review synthesizes studies examining community-level variability in physical activity resource (assets) and opportunity (organized group physical activity services) availability by community sociodemographic characteristics to describe methodologies for measuring resources/opportunities, indicators characterizing availability, and associations between community-level sociodemographic characteristics and availability.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus for literature through 2022. Eligible studies quantitatively examined measures of physical activity resource/opportunity availability by community-level racial, ethnic, and/or socioeconomic characteristics within geospatially defined communities.

Implementation of elementary school physical education quantity and quality law through school district audit, feedback, and coaching.

Background: To address low state physical education (PE) quantity and quality law implementation in elementary schools, the New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) delivered a multilevel intervention (PE Works; 2015-2019), which included a district-led audit of school PE-law implementation, feedback, and coaching with principals. Using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) implementation science framework, we assessed the primary multilevel drivers of success for this approach in increasing adherence to PE quantity and quality law.

Methods: We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with district-level personnel (n=17), elementary school administrators (n=18), and PE teachers (n=6) in 2020-21.

A Protocol for a Local Community Monitoring and Feedback System for Physical Activity in Organized Group Settings for Children.

Background: Communities are wellness landscapes of geospatially and temporally bound settings where children spend their time. Improving population physical activity (PA) requires investigating available community settings for children, such as classrooms and sport teams, and the dynamic social interactions producing PA. This protocol describes a multiscale community wellness landscape monitoring and feedback system of adult-led organized group settings and PA outcomes for children.

Comparing enhancements to well-child visits in the prevention of obesity: ENCIRCLE cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Obesity disproportionally impacts rural, lower-income children in the United States. Primary care providers are well-positioned to engage parents in early obesity prevention, yet there is a lack of evidence regarding the most effective care delivery models. The ENCIRCLE study, a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial, will respond to this gap by testing the comparative effectiveness of standard care well-child visits (WCV) versus two enhancements: adding a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure (PRO WCV) and PRO WCV plus Food Care (telehealth coaching and a grocery store tour).

COVID-19 pandemic and changes in children's physical activity in a rural US community: a mixed methods study.

Objectives: To examine differences in rural community children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and participation in out-of-school activities from fall 2019 to fall 2020 and explore enacted PA opportunity modifications post initial COVID-19 disruption.

Design: Mixed methods study using the validated Youth Activity Profile (YAP), administrator reports and stakeholder surveys and semistructured interviews.

Setting: Children and community stakeholders from one rural US Great Plains community in the state of Nebraska were recruited.

Ecological Approach to Family-Style, Multilevel Child Care Intervention: Formative Evaluation Using RE-AIM Framework.

Objective: Conduct formative evaluation of Ecological Approach to Family-Style Dining (EAT) Intervention.

Design: Qualitative semistructured interviews and demographic surveys.

Setting: Early care and education (ECE) centers in Nebraska.

Home-Based Health Coaching for Girls With Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial investigated the feasibility of recruitment, delivery, and evaluation of health coaching interventions for girls.

A protocol for coordinating rural community stakeholders to implement whole-of-community youth physical activity surveillance through school systems.

Accurate and effective local data collection systems are needed to inform community change on youth health behaviors such as physical activity (PA). Systematic methods are particularly important for understanding PA behaviors that may be influenced by individual, interpersonal, organizational, and regional factors. The purpose of this study was to describe a protocol for coordinating community stakeholders to implement an online youth PA surveillance instrument.

A cluster-randomized trial comparing two SWITCH implementation support strategies for school wellness intervention effectiveness.

Background: The School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH) intervention has demonstrated feasibility as an implementation approach to help schools facilitate changes in students' physical activity (PA), sedentary screen time (SST), and dietary intake (DI). This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of enhanced (individualized) implementation and standard (group-based) implementation.

Methods: Twenty-two Iowa elementary schools participated, with each receiving standardized training (wellness conference and webinars).

Rural community systems: Youth physical activity promotion through community collaboration.

A common way to address rural population health issues is through community stakeholders working together. Youth physical activity (PA) happens in adult-led in-school and out-of-school group opportunities that vary across communities and generally occur in isolated settings. This study explores similarities and differences in rural community system structure and collaborative process variables that help to conceptualize the collaborative impact influencing population youth PA outcomes.

A scoping review of whole-of-community interventions on six modifiable cancer prevention risk factors in youth: A systems typology.

Whole-of-community interventions delivered across entire geospatial areas show promise for improving population health for youth cancer prevention. The aims of this scoping review were to synthesize the whole-of-community intervention literature on six modifiable risk factors in youth for cancer prevention (alcohol use, diet, obesity, physical activity, sun exposure, tobacco use) and to develop and apply a typology describing the inclusion of fundamental control system functional characteristics. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published to the end of 2019.

Youth sport participation and physical activity in rural communities.

Background: Physical activity, a high-frequency health behavior, varies by where children live, learn, and play. Children accumulate physical activity in adult-led in-school and out-of-school settings. Youth sport is a potential setting for physical activity, but there are differences in youth sport participation based on age, sex, and socioeconomic status.

Evaluating the implementation of the SWITCH® school wellness intervention and capacity-building process through multiple methods.

Background: School wellness programming is important for promoting healthy lifestyles and academic achievement in youth; however, research is needed on methods that can help schools implement and sustain such programs on their own. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors within and outside the school environment that influenced school capacity for implementation and potential sustainability of wellness programming.

Methods: As part of the School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH®) intervention, elementary school wellness teams (N = 30) were guided through a capacity-building process focused on promoting the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors in students.

Evaluating the Implementation and Effectiveness of the SWITCH-MS: An Ecological, Multi-Component Adolescent Obesity Prevention Intervention.

: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of an ecological, multi-component adolescent obesity prevention intervention called School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health-Middle School (SWITCH-MS). : Following the effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 3 quasi-experimental design, seven middle schools (377 students) in Iowa, United States, were stratified into "experienced" ( = 3; 110 students) or "inexperienced" ( = 4; 267 students) groups to receive the 12-week SWITCH-MS intervention. To evaluate implementation, school informants ( = 10) responded to a survey and students completed behavioral tracking in the classroom on a website.

Parent adoption and implementation of obesity prevention practices through building children's asking skills at family child care homes.

Background: Early childhood education programs provide a setting to reach children and parents to modify home environments to prevent obesity. The Healthy Opportunities for Physical Activity and Nutrition Home (HOP'N) Home project was a novel approach that linked Family Child Care Homes (FCCH) to home environments by developing children's asking skills for healthful home environmental change through curricular activities.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of engaging parents in obesity prevention practices through building children's asking skills at FCCH.

Provider reported implementation of nutrition-related practices in childcare centers and family childcare homes in rural and urban Nebraska.

Approximately 15 million children under age 6 are in childcare settings, offering childcare providers an opportunity to influence children's dietary intake. Childcare settings vary in organizational structure - childcare centers (CCCs) vs. family childcare homes (FCCHs) - and in geographical location - urban vs.

The Importance of Self-Monitoring for Behavior Change in Youth: Findings from the SWITCH School Wellness Feasibility Study.

School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH) is a school wellness implementation initiative focused on building capacity for schools to plan and coordinate wellness programming. Grounded in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), the purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of the web-based, self-regulation system on physical activity (PA) behavior outcomes. At pre-test and post-test, students in SWITCH schools ( = 8) completed the online Youth Activity Profile (YAP) to assess PA and sedentary behavior (SB).

Does self-determined motivation interact with environmental contexts to influence moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during a girls' youth sport camp?

: To explore whether basketball player's self-determined motivation interacts with environmental contexts and coach training to influence percentage time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (%MVPA). : A secondary analysis of data from 76 girls (mean ± SD, 10.5 ± 1.

Impact of troop leader training on the implementation of physical activity opportunities in Girl Scout troop meetings.

Girl Scouts (GS) is a setting with large reach to target increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in girls. The Scouting Nutrition and Activity Program (SNAP) increased MVPA during intervention troop meetings; therefore, further examination of implementation of SNAP components is warranted to determine the processes contributing to intervention success. The purpose of this study is to examine variability in implementation of an active recreation (AR) policy into GS troop meetings.