Correlations Between Facet Tropism, Joint Mobility and Degree of Displacement in Patients with Low Grade Spondylolisthesis.

Aim: To compare lumbar X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and to identify the factors associated with joint instability in cases with lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective and observational study of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lumbar or lumbosacral low-grade spondylolisthesis at a single level. Preoperative X-ray and MRI examinations were evaluated.

Development and Evaluation of a Mixed Reality Model for Training the Retrosigmoid Approach.

Background: The use of simulation has the potential to accelerate the learning curves and increase the efficiency of surgeons. However, there is currently a scarcity in models dedicated to skull base surgical approaches. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a cost-effective mixed reality system consisting of an ultrarealistic physical model and augmented reality and evaluate its use in training surgeons on the retrosigmoid approach.

Personalized lung care: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia risk prediction tool tailored for neonates born in resource-limited settings.

Purpose: Predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) to assess the risk-benefit of therapy is necessary considering the side effects of medications. We developed and validated an instrument for predicting BPD and compared it with an instrument currently used for neonates born in a Brazilian hospital.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients born between 2016 and 2020 with a gestational age (GA) between 23 and 30 weeks.

Risk factors and mortality of candidemia in a children's public hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Candida bloodstream infections in children are of special concern in neonatal and pediatric intensive care and patients with comorbidities. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and risk factors associated with mortality in candidemia cases occurring in a public children's hospital in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. It is a retrospective transversal study.

Quality of Life Assessment in Patients with Surgically Treated Parasagittal Meningiomas.

Aim: To assess quality of life (QoL) in patients with parasagittal meningiomas (PSM), and to identify the risk factors for different levels of QoL.

Material And Methods: Patients were contacted and interviewed via telephone. A total of 136 patients with PSM underwent surgery at our institution between 1984 and 2020.

High Incidence Rates of Early-onset Bacterial Sepsis in Infants Born in Two Brazilian Maternities: A 15-Year Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Data on the burden and etiology of neonatal early-onset bacterial sepsis (EOBS) in low-to-middle-income countries are scarce. Surveillance is critical for optimizing prevention and treatment strategies. We aimed to estimate the incidence of EOBS in 2 large Brazilian cohorts of neonates.

Evaluation of the behavioral, histopathological, and immunohistochemical effects resulting from ventriculosubcutaneous shunt obstruction in kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in rats.

Purpose: Hydrocephalus is a brain disease prevalent in the pediatric population that presents complex pathophysiology and multiple etiologies. The best treatment is still ventricular shunting. Mechanical obstruction is the most frequent complication, but the resulting pathological effects are still unknown.

Chronic neutropenia in childhood: experience of a tertiary center.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of chronic neutropenia (CN) and the clinical profile of patients with CN aged up to 18 years, followed in the pediatric hematology, rheumatology, or immunology outpatient clinic of a tertiary medical center from May 1, 2018, to 30 April 2019.

Methods: Retrospective observational study carried out by collecting data from the patient's medical charts. CN was defined as absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 1.

Effect of manual hyperinflation with versus without positive end-expiratory pressure on dynamic compliance in pediatric patients following congenital heart surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: We aimed to compare the effect of manual hyperinflation with versus without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on dynamic compliance of the respiratory system in pediatric patients undergoing congenital heart surgery; to assess the safety of the technique in this population.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary-care hospital. Patients admitted to the PICU following cardiac surgery and receiving postoperative mechanical ventilation were randomized to the experimental or control group.

Long-term seizure outcome and mobility after surgical treatment for Rasmussen encephalitis in children: A single-center experience.

Objective: Rasmussen Encephalitis (RE) is a rare inflammatory neurodegenerative disease associated with refractory seizures, hemiparesis, and cognitive deterioration, due to lateralized cortical atrophy. Hemispheric surgery (hemispherotomy) is the mainstay of treatment, but its unavoidable motor deficits and lack of long-term data regarding seizure outcomes can make patients and families apprehensive to undergo this procedure. The present study aimed at analyzing the results of surgical treatment for RE from a motor and epilepsy standpoint, and mitigate such concerns.

Continuous interstitial glucose monitoring for term newborns: analysis of the first day of life.

Objective: Glycaemia in newborns changes significantly after birth; however, little is known about these changes. The objective was to describe continuous interstitial glucose values in term newborns who were exclusively breast fed on the first day of life.

Design: We studied 159 newborns with appropriate weights for gestational age, who were exclusively breast fed on the first day of life, using a continuous glucose monitoring device that calculates interstitial glucose every 5 min.

Cytomegalovirus Active Infection in Critically Ill Children.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with cytomegalovirus (CMV) active infection in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to investigate risk factors for mortality.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who had CMV DNA detected in blood samples and/or tracheal aspirates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during stay at 2 PICUs of a university hospital. Suspected cases without etiological confirmation and patients with laboratory-confirmed CMV infection before PICU admission were excluded.

A data-driven approach to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus through digital health: The Klivo Intervention Program protocol (KIPDM).

Background: Digital therapeutics, an emerging type of medical approach, is defined as evidence-based therapeutic interventions through qualified software programs that help prevent, manage, or treat chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which has high social and economic burden. Klivo, a startup certified by the Brazilian Society of Diabetes, developed the first digital therapeutic product for managing T2DM in Brazil, reaching 21 of 24 states. Klivo has continuously been improving its model of behavior change on the basis of an intensive lifestyle intervention method that addresses individuals' needs-the Klivo Intervention Program for T2DM (KIPDM).

Impact of children with complex chronic conditions on costs in a tertiary referral hospital.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of complex chronic conditions on the use of healthcare resources and hospitalization costs in a pediatric ward of a public tertiary referral university hospital in Brazil.

Methods: This is a longitudinal study with retrospective data collection. Overall, three one-year periods, separated by five-year intervals (2006, 2011, and 2016), were evaluated.

Protective measures feasibility for infants of low-income SARS-CoV-2 positive breastfeeding mothers: A prospective multicentre cohort study.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of protective measures for infants of low-income SARS-CoV-2 positive breastfeeding mothers.

Background: Breastfeeding mothers with SARS-CoV-2 positive should avoid exposing the infant through protective measures (PM), but it could be challenging in a low-income population.

Methods: A prospective, multicentre study was conducted between July and October 2020 (BRACOVID).

Growth phenotypes of very low birth weight infants for prediction of neonatal outcomes from a Brazilian cohort: comparison with INTERGROWTH.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of selected growth phenotypes for neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants < 30 weeks and to compare them with INTERGROWTH-21 (IG21).

Method: Retrospective analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) database for very low birth weight (VLBW) at 20 public tertiary-care university hospitals.

Outcome: the composite neonatal morbidity and mortality (CNMM) consisted of in-hospital death, oxygen use at 36 weeks, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, and Bell stage 2 or 3 necrotizing enterocolitis.

Mild controlled hypothermia for necrotizing enterocolitis treatment to preterm neonates: low technology technique description and safety analysis.

Unlabelled: We performed a quality improvement project to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and published our results about the initiative in 2021. However, aspects on the safety of the cooling and how to do therapeutic hypothermia with low technology to preterm infants are not described in this previous reporter. Thus, we aim to describe the steps and management to apply hypothermia in preterm infants using low technology and present the safety aspects regarding the initiative.

Sanitary measures to contain COVID-19 spread decreased pediatric hospitalizations due to other respiratory infections in São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: After the Covid-19 pandemics hit Brazil and sanitary measures were adopted to contain its dissemination, pediatric hospital admissions were apparently fewer than usual. The authors aimed to describe the time trends of public hospital admissions of children and adolescents due to respiratory infections (RIs) in São Paulo State, Brazil, before and after the adoption of sanitary measures to contain the dissemination of Covid-19.

Methods: Ecological, time-series study on the monthly average number of admissions per day of children and adolescents (< 16 years) admitted to public hospitals of São Paulo due to acute RIs between January 2008 and March 2021.

Efficacy of Probiotics in Children and Adolescents With Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a mixture of probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis (AD) and the effects on sensitization, inflammation, and immunological tolerance.

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we enrolled 60 patients aged between 6 months and 19 years with mild, moderate, or severe AD, according to the criteria proposed by Hanifin and Rajka. Patients were stratified to receive one gram per day of probiotics or placebo for 6 months.

LioNeo project: a randomised double-blind clinical trial for nutrition of very-low-birth-weight infants.

We assessed the effectiveness of lyophilised banked human milk (HM) as a fortifier to feed very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of HM with HM lyophilisate as an additive compared with the standard additive (cows' milk protein). In this phase I double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial, set in the intensive and intermediate care units of a tertiary hospital, forty VLBWI were enrolled and allocated into two groups: HM plus HM lyophilisate (LioNeo) or HM plus commercial additive (HMCA).

Efficacy of House Dust Mite Sublingual Immunotherapy in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Sensitization to house dust mites (HDMs) is frequent in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract in patients with atopic dermatitis sensitized to HDM.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled 91 patients 3 years or older, with SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score greater than or equal to 15 and positive skin test result and/or IgE to D pteronyssinus.

Comorbidities and the risk of death among individuals infected by COVID-19 in Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Introduction: We investigated the association of self-reported comorbidities with fatality risk among individuals infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Espírito Santo State, Brazil.

Methods: We included 212,620 individuals, ≥30 years old. The data were obtained from the COVID-19 panel.