Cutaneous manifestations of thyroid disease.

The diagnosis of thyroid disease can often first be identified by recognizing various cutaneous manifestations associated with an imbalance of circulating thyroid hormone. This article reviews the pathophysiology of thyroid disease, characteristic cutaneous findings of the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid states, and cutaneous conditions associated with thyroid disease.

Smoking and skin aging in identical twins.

Background: A twin pair can provide a rare opportunity to control for genetic susceptibility and exposure variables, which often serve as major confounders in population-based studies on the relationship between smoking and skin aging.

Observations: We describe a unique twin pair who spent not only their first 2 decades of life together but also in their later decades had the same type of job at the same latitude, resulting in well-matched levels of significant sun exposure. However, the twins differed markedly in regard to smoking history; the twin with an approximately 52.