A Rare Cause of Cellulitis: .

, a marine bacterium from family, is a well-known primary pathogen for fish, mollusks, crustaceans, etc. Humans may also get infected accidentally during exposure to marine animals or seawater. In addition to economic concern for aquaculture and fish industry, it is also a microbe of concern for human beings, as it has potential to cause lethal infections.

Detection of coexisting toxigenic and nontyphoidal in a healthcare worker with diarrhea: A therapeutic dilemma.

Introduction: infection (CDI) and nontyphoidal infection (NSI) have similar clinical manifestations and are seldom seen simultaneously. The decision-making in terms of antibiotic therapy becomes difficult when both the pathogens are isolated from the same patient.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of (CD) enterocolitis in a healthcare provider who concomitantly tested positive for nontyphoidal .

Life-threatening complications of HIV infection.

Few modern diseases have experienced as rapid and dramatic change in prognosis and treatment as HIV infection. The introduction of active antiretroviral therapy (ART) and effective prophylaxis of opportunistic infections ushered in a new era in the treatment of HIV infection and changed dramatically the natural history of this disease. The rates of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and intensive care mortality in patients with HIV infection have shifted repeatedly during the AIDS epidemic, influenced by attitudes of patients and providers toward utility of care.

Immune restoration disorders following HAART.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) leads to a profound and sustained suppression of viral replication, along with a rise in CD4+ cells in most HIV-infected patients. However, reports are accumulating of growing numbers of patients suffering from opportunistic infections despite recovery of CD4+ cells and plummeting viral loads as part of a new syndrome called immune restoration disease. We describe this syndrome in two patients and review the current literature.

Persistence of episomal HIV-1 infection intermediates in patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy.

Treatment of HIV-1-infected individuals with a combination of anti-retroviral agents results in sustained suppression of HIV-1 replication, as evidenced by a reduction in plasma viral RNA to levels below the limit of detection of available assays. However, even in patients whose plasma viral RNA levels have been suppressed to below detectable levels for up to 30 months, replication-competent virus can routinely be recovered from patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells and from semen. A reservoir of latently infected cells established early in infection may be involved in the maintenance of viral persistence despite highly active anti-retroviral therapy.

[Chemokines and their receptors: 2 new actors in the physiopathology of HIV infection].

The discovery of two novel structures (CXCR4, CCR5) that act as HIV-1 coreceptors in target cells has allowed a better understanding of the virus-cell interaction. The recent discovery that chemokines interact with the same receptors as HIV-1 has shed light in the comprehension of the viral molecular biology and pathophysiology, setting the stage for new efforts aimed at blocking virus-cell interaction.

[Advances in antiretroviral treatment].

Recent findings have led to important changes in the understanding of HIV kinetics that allowed a novel therapeutic approach. This article reviews the most common methods used to gauge viral load and their use in medical decision making, the characteristics of the protease inhibitors just released in Argentina, and preliminary reports from several trials of combined treatment that have changed the standard of care. The viral load is a surrogate marker with predictive value independent of the CD4 cell count.

Lack of requirement for prolonged incubation of Septi-Chek blood culture bottles in patients with bacteremia due to fastidious bacteria.

A questionnaire survey for which there were 538 respondents from American clinical microbiology laboratories was used to assess the need for prolonged incubation of Septi-Chek blood culture bottles for the recovery of HACEK bacilli, Brucella species, Francisella tularensis, and nutritionally deficient streptococci from blood. Among a total of 219 reported isolates of these bacteria, in only 6 cases (2.7%) was incubation longer than 7 days required.