Co-infections with multiple pathogens in natural populations of Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Mongolia.

Background: In Mongolia, the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus is the major vector of tick-borne pathogens. Knowledge about co-infections of these pathogens in ticks is necessary both for understanding their persistence in nature and for diagnosing and treating tick-borne diseases.

Methods: The prevalence of seven tick-borne infections in 346 I.