The effect of consultations performed by specialised nurses or advanced nurse practitioners on patient and organisational outcomes in patients with complex health conditions: An umbrella review.

Background: Policymakers and researchers often suggest that nurses may play a crucial role in addressing the evolving needs of patients with complex conditions, by taking on advanced roles and providing nursing consultations. Nursing consultations vary widely across settings and countries, and their activities range from complementing to substituting traditional physician-led consultations or usual care.

Objective: This study was aimed at describing the effects of nursing consultations with patients with complex conditions in any setting on patient outcomes (quality of life, physical status, psychosocial health, health behaviour, medication adherence, mortality, anthropometric and physiological outcomes, and patient satisfaction) and organisational outcomes (health resource use and costs).

Healthcare bias and health inequalities towards displaced Syrians in Lebanon: a qualitative study.

Introduction: According to Lebanese official data, Lebanon hosts over 1.5 million displaced Syrians (DS). Research shows that migrants encounter barriers when accessing healthcare.

Individual, interpersonal, and organisational factors associated with discrimination in medical decisions affecting people with a migration background with mental health problems: the case of general practice.

Objectives: Although people with a migration background (MB) have more unmet mental health needs than the general population, patients with a MB are still underrepresented in mental health care services. Provider bias towards these patients has been evidenced repeatedly but its driving factors remain elusive. We assessed the moderating effect of the individual (e.

Experiences of Cultural Differences, Discrimination, and Healthcare Access of Displaced Syrians (DS) in Lebanon: A Qualitative Study.

The study aims to examine cultural differences and discrimination as difficulties encountered by DS when using the Lebanese healthcare system, and to evaluate the equity of DS access to health services in Lebanon. This is a qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews with DS and Lebanese healthcare professionals. The participants were selected by visiting two hospitals, one public Primary Healthcare Center, and three PHCs managed by Non-Governmental Organizations.

[Difficulties encountered by long COVID patients in the Belgian health system].

Introduction: After contracting COVID-19, many people have continued to experience various symptoms for several weeks and months, even after a mild acute phase. These people with ‘long COVID’ faced difficulties when confronted with the healthcare system.

Purpose Of Research: In order to better understand their experience, we supplemented the information obtained in an online survey with a mixed qualitative approach based on 33 individual interviews and discussions with 101 participants in a forum in March 2021.

Long COVID and return to work: a qualitative study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to an increasing number of patients with 'long COVID'. Long COVID is the persistence of symptoms for weeks or months after an infection by SARS-CoV-2. It often impacts on the professional life of affected people.

Pathophysiology and mechanism of long COVID: a comprehensive review.

Background: After almost 2 years of fighting against SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the number of patients enduring persistent symptoms long after acute infection is a matter of concern. This set of symptoms was referred to as "long COVID", and it was defined more recently as "Post COVID-19 condition" by the World health Organization (WHO). Although studies have revealed that long COVID can manifest whatever the severity of inaugural illness, the underlying pathophysiology is still enigmatic.

Implicit and explicit ethnic biases in multicultural primary care: the case of trainee general practitioners.

Background: General Practitioners (GPs) are the first point of contact for people from ethnic and migrant groups who have health problems. Discrimination can occur in this health care sector. Few studies, however, have investigated implicit and explicit biases in general practice against ethnic and migrant groups.

A mixed method study design to explore the adherence of haematological cancer patients to oral anticancer medication in a multilingual and multicultural outpatient setting: The MADESIO protocol.

Background: Patients with haematologic malignancies are increasingly treated by oral anticancer medications, heightening the challenge of ensuring optimal adherence to treatment. However, except for chronic myelogenous leukaemia or acute lymphoid leukaemia, the extent of non-adherence has rarely been investigated in outpatient settings, particularly for migrant population. With growing numbers of migrants in Belgium, identifying potential differences in drug use is essential.

Developing an agency's position with respect to patient involvement in health technology assessment: the importance of the organizational culture.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to map the PI culture at KCE in the context of the development of organization-wide supported position statements about PI.

Methods: A nominal group technique was used to measure the PI culture at KCE. Arguments for and against PI and conditions for PI in different phases of the HTA process were collected.

Supporting access to healthcare for refugees and migrants in European countries under particular migratory pressure.

Background: In 2015 the increased migratory pressure in Europe posed additional challenges for healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to inform the development of a "Resource Package" to support European Union (EU) member states in improving access to healthcare for refugees, asylum seekers and other migrants.

Methods: A mixed method approach was adopted: i) interviews and focus groups were carried out to gather up-to-date information on the challenges the different healthcare providers were facing related to the refugee crisis; ii) to complement the results of the FGs, a literature review was conducted to collect available evidence on barriers and solutions related to access to healthcare for refugees and migrants.

Migrant's access to preventive health services in five EU countries.

Background: Preventive health services (PHSs) form part of primary healthcare with the aim of screening to prevent disease. Migrants show significant differences in lifestyle, health beliefs and risk factors compared with the native populations. This can have a significant impact on migrants' access to health systems and participation in prevention programmes.

Cultural competence and social relationships: a social network analysis.

Aim: This study investigated the role of social relationships in the sharing of cultural competence by testing two hypotheses: cultural competence is a socially shared behaviour; and central healthcare professionals are more culturally competent than non-central healthcare professionals.

Background: Sustaining cultural competence in healthcare services relies on the assumption that being culturally competent is a socially shared behaviour among health professionals. This assumption has never been tested.

Leadership and cultural competence of healthcare professionals: a social network analysis.

Background: International migration is a global phenomenon challenging healthcare professionals to provide culturally competent care.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of leaders on the cultural competence of healthcare professionals.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2010 to 2012 to obtain data for a social network analysis in 19 inpatient services and five primary care services in Belgium.

Is the Chronic Care Model Integrated Into Research Examining Culturally Competent Interventions for Ethnically Diverse Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? A Review.

The chronic care model (CCM) concerns both the medical and the cultural and linguistic needs of patients through the inclusion of cultural competence in the delivery system design. This literature review attempted to@@ identify the domains of the CCM culturally competent (CC) interventions that the adults from ethnic minorities suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus report. We identified the CCM and the CC components in the relevant studies published between 2005 and 2014.

Adaptation of health care for migrants: whose responsibility?

Background: In a context of increasing ethnic diversity, culturally competent strategies have been recommended to improve care quality and access to health care for ethnic minorities and migrants; their implementation by health professionals, however, has remained patchy. Most programs of cultural competence assume that health professionals accept that they have a responsibility to adapt to migrants, but this assumption has often remained at the level of theory. In this paper, we surveyed health professionals' views on their responsibility to adapt.

Culturally competent interventions in Type 2 diabetes mellitus management: an equity-oriented literature review.

Objectives: Although, culturally competent (CC) interventions aim to reduce health inequalities for ethnic minorities, they have been criticized on the grounds that they increase prejudice and stereotyping. It remains unclear whether CC interventions really can reduce health inequalities among ethnic minorities. The purpose of this review is to assess whether CC interventions in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) match the recommendations to reduce health inequalities.

Towards fair health policies for migrants and ethnic minorities: the case-study of ETHEALTH in Belgium.

Background: In Europe, progress in the development of health policies that address the needs of migrants and ethnic minorities has been slow. This is partly due to the absence of a strategic commitment by the health authorities. The Ministry of Public Health commissioned the ETHEALTH (EThnicity &HEALTH) group to formulate relevant recommendations to the public authorities with a view to reducing health inequalities among ethnic minorities.

Health services and the treatment of immigrants: data on service use, interpreting services and immigrant staff members in services across Europe.

Background: The number of immigrants using health services has increased across Europe. For assessing and improving the quality of care provided for immigrants, information is required on how many immigrants use services, what interpreting services are provided and whether staff members are from immigrant groups.

Methods: Structured interviews were conducted with 15 health services (9 primary care, 3 emergency departments, 3 mental health) located in areas with high immigrant populations in each of 16 European countries (n=240).

Experiences with treating immigrants: a qualitative study in mental health services across 16 European countries.

Purpose: While there has been systematic research on the experiences of immigrant patients in mental health services within certain European countries, little research has explored the experiences of mental health professionals in the delivery of services to immigrants across Europe. This study sought to explore professionals' experiences of delivering care to immigrants in districts densely populated with immigrants across Europe.

Methods: Forty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with mental health care professionals working in 16 European countries.

Health care for irregular migrants: pragmatism across Europe: a qualitative study.

Background: Health services in Europe face the challenge of delivering care to a heterogeneous group of irregular migrants (IM). There is little empirical evidence on how health professionals cope with this challenge. This study explores the experiences of health professionals providing care to IM in three types of health care service across 16 European countries.

Health care for immigrants in Europe: is there still consensus among country experts about principles of good practice? A Delphi study.

Background: European Member States are facing a challenge to provide accessible and effective health care services for immigrants. It remains unclear how best to achieve this and what characterises good practice in increasingly multicultural societies across Europe. This study assessed the views and values of professionals working in different health care contexts and in different European countries as to what constitutes good practice in health care for immigrants.