Improving Cervical Spine Clearance Documentation in the Pediatric Trauma Patient: A Quality Improvement Project.

Background: Cervical spine clearance of pediatric trauma patients requires consistent, clear documentation for multidisciplinary trauma team members to provide safe care. Yet, cervical spine clearance often remains inconsistently and inappropriately documented.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a cervical spine clearance documentation initiative on documentation adherence rates.

Short 5' UTRs serve as a marker for viral mRNA translation inhibition by the IFIT2-IFIT3 antiviral complex.

Recognition of "non-self" nucleic acids, including cytoplasmic dsDNA, dsRNA, or mRNAs lacking proper 5' cap structures, is critical for the innate immune response to viruses. Here, we demonstrate that short 5' untranslated regions (UTRs), a characteristic of many viral mRNAs, can also serve as a molecular pattern for innate immune recognition via the interferon-induced proteins IFIT2 and IFIT3. The IFIT2-IFIT3 heterodimer, formed through an intricate domain swap structure resolved by cryo-EM, mediates viral mRNA 5' end recognition, translation inhibition, and ultimately antiviral activity.

Mirabegron as part of combination therapy for treatment refractory neurogenic bladder in pediatric patients with spina bifida.

Introduction: Medical therapy for patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spina bifida is a key element in their management. Mirabegron has been shown to improve abnormal bladder wall dynamics in the neurogenic bladder (NGB) population, but there is limited information on its efficacy as additive therapy in the treatment of refractory NGB in pediatric literature.

Objective: This study assessed the utility of mirabegron as combination therapy in pediatric patients with spina bifida who have insufficient improvement of bladder dynamics on antimuscarinic monotherapy.

Current industry practices on closed system drug-transfer devices for parenteral drug products.

USP<800> and NIOSH provide guidance on the use of Closed System Drug-Transfer Devices for hazardous drug in the healthcare setting. However, CSTDs are used by clinical sites irrespective of drug hazard status. In this paper, previous publications that describe evaluation and CSTD risk assessment strategies are presented.

Zinc-finger PARP proteins ADP-ribosylate alphaviral proteins and are required for interferon-γ-mediated antiviral immunity.

Viral manipulation of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) is critical to enable control over host defenses. Evidence suggests that one such PTM, adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, is important for viral replication, but the host and viral components involved are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that several human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins, including the zinc-finger domain containing PARP7 (TiPARP) and PARP12, directly ADP-ribosylate the alphaviral nonstructural proteins (nsPs), nsP3 and nsP4.

Comparison of muscle activation during quadrupedal movement training and traditional bodyweight exercises.

Quadrupedal movement training (QMT) is a unique form of bodyweight training shown to improve flexibility, FMS scores, and proprioception, however, little is known about its muscle activation characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare surface EMG (sEMG) activity of muscles of the trunk, upper, and lower extremity during QMT movements and common traditional bodyweight exercises (TRA). Twenty (males n = 9) participants (age: 27.

Simulation of neutron dark-field data for grating-based interferometers.

Hierarchical structures and heterogeneous materials are found in many natural and engineered systems including additive manufacturing, alternative energy, biology and polymer science. Though the structure-function relationship is important for developing more advanced materials, structural characterization over broad length scales often requires multiple complementary measurements. Neutron far-field interferometry aims to enable multi-scale characterization by combining the best of neutron imaging with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) via dark-field imaging.

Structure of the E3 ligase CRL2-ZYG11B with substrates reveals the molecular basis for N-degron recognition and ubiquitination.

ZYG11B is a substrate specificity factor for Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL2) involved in many biological processes, including Gly/N-degron pathways. Yet how the binding of ZYG11B with CRL2 is coupled to substrate recognition and ubiquitination is unknown. We present the Cryo-EM structures of the CRL2-ZYG11B holoenzyme alone and in complex with a Gly/N-peptide from the inflammasome-forming pathogen sensor NLRP1.

Occupancy of the HbYX hydrophobic pocket is sufficient to induce gate opening in the archaeal 20S proteasomes.

Enhancing proteasome function has been a long-standing but challenging target of interest for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing the importance of understanding proteasome activation mechanisms. Most proteasome activator complexes use the C-terminal HbYX motif to bind and trigger gate-opening in the 20S proteasome. This study defines a critical molecular interaction in the HbYX mechanism that triggers gate opening.

Time to therapy and safety of testicular tissue cryopreservation in children undergoing gonadotoxic treatment or hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Background: With the use of multimodal treatments and hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the majority of children diagnosed with malignancies and hematologic diseases are now surviving into adulthood. Due to the gonadotoxic effects and potential for future infertility associated with many of these treatments, fertility counseling with sperm cryopreservation prior to starting therapy is the standard of care for post-pubertal males. Unfortunately, the options are limited for pre-pubertal patients or those unable to provide a specimen.

Stress and Coping in Emergency Nurses Following Trauma Patient Care: A Qualitative Grounded Theory Approach.

Background: Experiencing symptoms of traumatic stress may be the cost of caring for trauma patients. Emergency nurses caring for trauma patients are at risk for traumatic stress reactions.

Objective: This study explored the stress and coping behaviors experienced by emergency nurses who provide trauma care.

Development of a sterile insect technique as a control strategy for the Asian citrus psyllid: establishing the effect of sterilizing X-rays on fecundity, fertility, and survival.

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a major pest of citrus due to its role as the vector of the bacterium that causes huanglongbing. In commercial citrus, ACP control currently relies on the application of insecticides, which may not be sustainable long-term, nor practical in urban areas. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an alternative strategy in which large numbers of pests are reared, sterilized using radiation, and then released into the field to compete with wild individuals for matings, suppressing population growth.

Expert Consensus on Pediatric Urodynamics Reporting Using Modified Delphi Technique.

Purpose: Urodynamic testing (UDS) is an important tool in the management of pediatric lower urinary tract conditions. There have been notable efforts to standardize pediatric UDS nomenclature and technique, but no formal guidelines exist on essential elements to include in a clinical report. We sought to identify ideal structure and elements of a pediatric UDS assessment based on expert consensus.

Data-driven simulations for training AI-based segmentation of neutron images.

Neutron interferometry uniquely combines neutron imaging and scattering methods to enable characterization of multiple length scales from 1 nm to 10 µm. However, building, operating, and using such neutron imaging instruments poses constraints on the acquisition time and on the number of measured images per sample. Experiment time-constraints yield small quantities of measured images that are insufficient for automating image analyses using supervised artificial intelligence (AI) models.

Virology-the path forward.

In the United States (US), biosafety and biosecurity oversight of research on viruses is being reappraised. Safety in virology research is paramount and oversight frameworks should be reviewed periodically. Changes should be made with care, however, to avoid impeding science that is essential for rapidly reducing and responding to pandemic threats as well as addressing more common challenges caused by infectious diseases.

Five-Membered Rings Create Off-Zero Modes in Nanographene.

The low-energy electronic structure of nanographenes can be tuned through zero-energy π-electron states, typically referred to as zero-modes. Customizable electronic and magnetic structures have been engineered by coupling zero-modes through exchange and hybridization interactions. Manipulation of the of such states, however, has not yet received significant attention.

One and done: Feasibility and Safety of Primary Ureteroscopy in a Pediatric Population.

Background: Pediatric urolithiasis has been increasing at rate of 4-10 % annually in the United States, most notably within adolescents and females. A significant number of patients will require surgical management of their stones. Primary ureteroscopy (URS) affords the opportunity to treat stones under a single anesthetic with lower re-treatment rates or anatomical and stone characteristic limitations compared to shockwave lithotripsy.

Acquired stress resilience through bacteria-to-nematode interdomain horizontal gene transfer.

Natural selection drives the acquisition of organismal resilience traits to protect against adverse environments. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important evolutionary mechanism for the acquisition of novel traits, including metazoan acquisitions in immunity, metabolic, and reproduction function via interdomain HGT (iHGT) from bacteria. Here, we report that the nematode gene rml-3 has been acquired by iHGT from bacteria and that it enables exoskeleton resilience and protection against environmental toxins in Caenorhabditis elegans.