Transfer of the first intercostal nerve to supra- and infraspinatus muscles: an anatomical study and report of the first case.

We have assessed the anatomical feasibility of a transfer of the first intercostal nerve to the supra- and infraspinatus muscles and report on the first clinical application. Ten fresh cadavers were dissected for this study. Histomorphometric analysis showed the fascicular surface area of the first intercostal nerve at its origin (0.

A rare case of leiomyosarcoma arising from a femoral vein tributary: a case report.

Primary vascular tumours are very rare. Most cases are leiomyosarcomas usually arising from large veins such as the inferior vena cava. Involvement of major veins in the limbs is uncommon and of small veins or tributaries extremely uncommon.

Smart microrobots for mechanical cell characterization and cell convoying.

This paper deals with the effective design of smart microrobots for both mechanical cell characterization and cell convoying for in vitro fertilization. The first microrobotic device was developed to evaluate oocyte mechanical behavior in order to sort oocytes. A multi-axial micro-force sensor based on a frictionless magnetic bearing was developed.

Pleiotropic effects of CEP290 (NPHP6) mutations extend to Meckel syndrome.

Meckel syndrome (MKS) is a rare autosomal recessive lethal condition characterized by central nervous system malformations, polydactyly, multicystic kidney dysplasia, and ductal changes of the liver. Three loci have been mapped (MKS1-MKS3), and two genes have been identified (MKS1/FLJ20345 and MKS3/TMEM67), whereas the gene at the MKS2 locus remains unknown. To identify new MKS loci, a genomewide linkage scan was performed using 10-cM-resolution microsatellite markers in eight families.

Immunohistochemical expression of prion protein (PrPC) in the human forebrain during development.

The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a ubiquitous protein whose expression in the adult brain occurs mainly in synapses. We used monoclonal antibodies to study fetal and perinatal PrPC expression in the human forebrain. Double immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy with GFAP, Iba1, MAP2, doublecortin, synaptophysin, and GAP-43 were used to localize PrPC.

Increased expression of MDR1 mRNAs and P-glycoprotein in placentas from HIV-1 infected women.

P-glycoprotein transports several compounds including protease inhibitors, actually used in the clinical management of HIV-1 infection. Since P-glycoprotein is expressed in placental trophoblasts, its efflux activity could interfere with placental transfer of antiretrovirals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of P-gp-encoding MDR1 gene and P-gp itself in full-term placentas from uninfected (n=35) and HIV-1 infected women (n=24).

Morphometric study of the cervical course of the hypoglossal nerve and its application to hypoglossal facial anastomosis.

The hypoglossal nerve is used classically in salvage of facial paralyses in the absence of spontaneous recovery. A variety of ways of transferring and suturing the hypoglossal nerve to the distal segment of the facial nerve have been reported. In order to determine which mode of reconstruction is the best for neurotisation of the facial nerve, the caliber of the hypoglossal nerve was studied in ten subjects at the level of proximal and distal parts of the trunk and the cervical loop.

Nerve repair using a composite graft of vein and denatured skeletal muscle: morphologic analysis.

Five groups of six rats each underwent sciatic resection, bridged with a 20-mm-long graft. Five different types of graft were used: (1). vein; (2).

Relationship between vascular development and vascular differentiation during liver organogenesis in humans.

Backgrounds/aims: The complex vascular architecture characteristic of the normal adult liver is progressively acquired during the fetal life. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between angiogenesis and vascular differentiation during liver organogenesis.

Methods: We studied, in 51 fetuses of different gestational ages, the expression of markers of endothelial cell differentiation, integrins, pro- and anti-angiogenic extracellular matrix components, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors.

Prognostic value of p53 overexpression in T1G3 bladder tumors treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy.

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between the overexpression of mutant protein p53 and disease recurrence and progression in patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical therapy for T1G3 bladder cancer.

Methods: We analyzed the outcome of 29 consecutive patients treated for T1G3 bladder tumor with transurethral resection. Patients previously treated for a bladder tumor, those who underwent incomplete resection, and those in whom no assessment of the muscle cell layer was possible were excluded from the study.

Endoluminal smooth muscle cell seeding limits intimal hyperplasia.

Purpose: Intimal hyperplasia is one of the main responses of the vascular wall to injury. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that endoluminal seeding of host syngeneic vascular cells could limit intimal hyperplasia induced by either mechanical deendothelialization or chronic allograft rejection in rat aorta.

Methods: An experimental model of in situ seeding of syngeneic endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and fibroblasts (FIBs) was used in mechanically deendothelialized and allografted aortas.

Cytogenetic analysis of trophoblasts by comparative genomic hybridization in embryo-fetal development anomalies.

Cytogenetic studies of spontaneous abortions or intrauterine fetal death depend on conventional tissue culturing and karyotyping. This technique has limitations such as culture failure and selective growth of maternal cells. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using specific probes permits diagnosis of aneuploidies but is limited to one or a few chromosomal regions.

Incisive suture (fissure) in the human fetus: radiographic and histologic study.

Objective: An anatomic study, in man, of the structure commonly known as the incisive suture (sutura incisiva) or incisive fissure has been performed to determine whether this structure belongs to the morphofunctional concept of a facial suture.

Material: Eighteen palates of human fetuses of 9 weeks to 29 weeks after conception.

Method: Anatomic, radiographic examination of the palate.

Morphometric study of the upper intercostal nerves: practical application for neurotizations in traumatic brachial plexus palsies.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was a morphometric evaluation of the intercostal nerves at different levels along their course in order to determine their adequacy in neurotizing the recipient nerves. The intercostal nerves were harvested from 5 cadavers. A biopsy of the nerve was obtained at 2 levels for each nerve in the parasternal region and at the level of the mid-axillary line.

[The anatomic lobulation of the prostate, a controversial description].

Vésalius, in 1543, described, for the first time, the prostate as an unique organ. But, in the 19th century, two schools confronted; for Cruveilhier and Testut, the prostate was made of several lobes, when Cloquet and Sappey thought it as a unique zone. Albarran, in 1902, described the sub-uretral glands.

Reduced number of Langerhans cells in oesophageal mucosa from AIDS patients.

Aims: The oesophageal mucosa is a frequent target of opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Langerhans cells (LC) are known as a target and reservoir of HIV in the skin. The aim of this study was to characterize oesophageal LC in HIV-infected patients.

Ticlopidine induced colitis: a histopathological study including apoptosis.

Aims: To describe ticlopidine related microscopic colitis and to assess the occurrence of apoptosis in the colon epithelium.

Methods: A series of colorectal biopsy samples from nine patients with ticlopidine related chronic diarrhoea were analysed. Biopsies were also taken from five of these patients between two and four months after ticlopidine withdrawal.

Detection and localization by in situ molecular biology techniques and immunohistochemistry of hepatitis C virus in livers of chronically infected patients.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) detection in the livers of chronically infected patients remains a debatable issue. We used immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization (ISH) alone or after microwave heating with FITC-labeled probes, RT-PCR with unlabeled primers followed by ISH (RT-PCR-ISH), and in situ RT-PCR with FITC-labeled primers (in situ RT-PCRd) to localize the virus in 38 liver biopsy specimens from 21 chronically infected HCV patients treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Biopsies were taken at the beginning and end of IFN-alpha treatment and 1 year later.

Expression of integrins during liver organogenesis in humans.

Integrins play a pivotal role in organogenesis, by mediating the interactions between differentiating cells and the extracellular matrix. We analyzed the expression of integrins and their ligands during human liver organogenesis. The expression of beta1, beta3, and beta4 integrins and the distribution of several extracellular matrix proteins were studied by immunoperoxidase in fetal liver samples from 5 to 40 weeks' gestation.

Structural and functional differentiation of sinusoidal endothelial cells during liver organogenesis in humans.

During fetal life, human liver sinusoids, which differentiate between 4 and 12 weeks of gestation from capillaries of the septum transversum, must support an important hematopoietic function and acquire the structural and functional characteristics of adult sinusoids. To gain insight into their differentiation process, we studied the expression of (1) markers of continuous endothelia, absent from adult sinusoidal endothelial cells (PECAM-1, CD34, and 1F10); (2) functional markers of adult sinusoidal endothelial calls (CD4, 1CAM-1, CD32, and CD14); and (3) extracellular matrix components (laminin, tenascin, fibronectin, and thrombospondin) in 37 fetuses of different gestational ages. We identified two successive differentiation events.

Clearance of serum PSA after open surgery for benign prostatic hypertrophy, radical cystectomy, and radical prostatectomy.

Objective: To study the clearance of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after several types of prostatic tissue ablation.

Methods: Serum PSA levels were measured (YANG Proscheck ultrasensitive assay) just before surgery, immediately after specimen removal, then twice weekly for 5 weeks or until it was undetectable (< 0.05 ng/ml) in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer (n = 10), or radical prostatectomy for T1 T2 prostate cancer (n = 18) and daily for 6 days after open surgery for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) (n = 10).

Effect of radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy on serum prostate-specific antigen measured by an ultrasensitive assay.

Objectives: To study prospectively the impact of adjuvant radiation therapy on the serum level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), as measured by an ultrasensitive Yang Proscheck assay in patients with detectable serum PSA and a negative metastatic survey after radical prostatectomy for T1 or T2 prostate cancer.

Methods: Seventeen patients had a detectable serum PSA (2.40 +/- 2.