Fundamental Insights into Copper-Epoxy Interfaces for High-Frequency Chip-to-Chip Interconnects.

Future processes and materials are needed to enable multichip packages with chip-to-chip (C2C) data rates of 50 GB/s or higher. This presents a fundamental challenge because of the skin effect, which exacerbates signal transmission losses at high frequencies. Our results indicate that smooth copper interconnects with relatively thin cuprous oxides (CuO, Cu) and amine-functional silane adhesion promoters improve interfacial adhesion with epoxy dielectrics by nearly an order of magnitude.

Simultaneous integrated boost on pathologic lymph nodes safely improves clinical outcomes compared to sequential boost in locally advanced cervical cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: This multicenter study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the impact of high boost simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) to pathologic lymph nodes compared to Sequential boost (Seq) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).

Materials And Methods: 97 patients with pelvic and/or para-aortic (PAo) node-positive LACC treated by definitive chemoradiation were included. Two groups were analyzed: Sequential boost group and simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) group.

An assessment of the operationality and factors influencing the effectiveness of rabies surveillance in Gombe State, Nigeria.

Rabies remains a burden in Africa, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable despite the availability of effective vaccines. Nigeria, the most populous African country, needs rapid disease control actions and commitments to achieve the goal of eliminating dog-mediated rabies by 2030. Surveillance is an essential element of effective disease control strategies.

Malaria Infection in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria: Association with Markers of Hyposplenism.

Malaria is considered an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with sickle cell disease (SCD). This has partly been attributed to the loss of splenic function that occurs early in the disease process. We conducted a cross-sectional study and determined the frequency of malaria infection among SCD patients and explored the association with spleen's presence on ultrasonography and spleen function assessed using the frequency of Howell-Jolly bodies (HJBs).

Appendiceal Schistosomiasis Presenting as an Appendiceal Mass.

Background: Schistosomiasis has been noted to be one of the most widespread parasitic diseases in the world. It is commonest in developing countries and 85% of the infections have been reported in Sub-Saharan Africa. Presentation with an appendiceal mass has been a rarity among the cases reported thus far.

Colonoscopy in Zaria: Indications and findings.

Background: Colonoscopy is an important procedure in the management of colorectal diseases. During a colonoscopy, one can visualize the mucosa of the large bowel and perform therapeutic procedures.

Aim: The aim of this study is to review the indications and findings of colonoscopy in our center.

A bioactive chalcone from the aerial parts of Gillet.

Ethnobotanical information indicates that is used in northern Nigeria for the management of poisonous snakebites and the methanol extract was previously reported to have antivenin activity. In this study, we report the isolation of an oxyprenylated bioactive secondary metabolite; 2',4'- dihydroxy-4-prenyloxychalcone from the chloroform fraction of the aerial parts of the plant's methanol extract and the evaluation of the compound against venom. The compound has demonstrated significant (p < 0.

Appraisal of trimester-specific fetal heart rate and its role in gestational age prediction.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate and report normal sonographic FHR values among low-risk singleton women across the three trimesters of pregnancy and determine FHR role in gestational age prediction.

Method: A prospective cross-sectional study of 2727 low-risk singleton pregnant women was undertaken. FHR measurements were obtained by a consultant radiologist and three experienced sonographers using transabdominal approach from January 2019 to December 2020.

Adverse event following vaccine surveillance in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria (January 2018 -June 2019): analysis of health facility´s records.

Introduction: Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) are one of the main reasons for inadequate immunization coverage in Kaduna State, and AEFI underreporting serves as a barrier to achieving goals of global pharmaco-vigilance for vaccine. The purpose of this study is to estimate the completeness of variables in the AEFI line-listing forms, calculate AEFI reporting rates by Local Government Areas & vaccine type and profile the reported cases according to their reactions.

Methods: we conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study of primary surveillance records.

Highly efficient porous sorbent derived from asphalt for the solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are generated primarily during the incomplete combustion of organic matter and are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. For the first time, in this study, a mesoporous carbon derived from asphalt with high surface area (2300 m²g with an average of 1.2 cm³ g) was utilized as a sorbent for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of several PAHs in tap water samples.

Demographic profile and endoscopic findings among patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, North-Western Nigeria.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency that can result in significant morbidity and mortality.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the demographic profile and etiology of UGIB in patients seen at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, North-Western Nigeria.

Subjects And Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was carried out at the Gastroenterology Unit of ABUTH Zaria.

Investigation of reactive Blue 19 biodegradation and byproducts toxicity assessment using crude laccase extract from Trametes versicolor.

Crude laccase potency on biodegradation and detoxification of Reactive blue 19 (RB-19) were demonstrated, along with prediction of degradation mechanisms, pathways and byproducts analysis. Trametes versicolor, cultured on pampas grass inflorescence (Cortaderia selloana), yielded the best crude laccase activity (15.36 U/g).

Sonographic Estimation of Amniotic Fluid Volume Using the Amniotic Fluid Index and the Single Deepest Pocket in a Resource-Limited Setting.

Objective: To determine the normal value of amniotic fluid (AF) volume among pregnant women in a Northern Nigerian population and to determine if there is a relationship between AF index (AFI) and single deepest pocket (SDP) with anthropometric variables.

Materials And Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among singleton pregnant women at late second and third trimester attending the antenatal clinic in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, from December 2016 to April 2017. The mean AFI and SDP were measured by sonography.

Assessment of unmet needs to address noncompliant households during polio supplemental immunization activities in Kaduna state, 2014-2016.

Background: Despite concerted global efforts being made to eradicate poliomyelitis, the wild poliovirus still circulates in three countries, including Nigeria. In addition, Nigeria experiences occasional outbreaks of the circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2). Vaccine rejection by caregivers persists in some parts of northern Nigeria, which compromises the quality of supplemental immunization activities (SIAs).

Sarcomas in Nigerian Children in Jos North Central Nigeria.

Background: There is a growing concern about childhood sarcomas, with recent studies suggesting an increase in the frequency of childhood sarcomas in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was carried out to determine the pattern of childhood sarcomas in Jos, North Central Nigeria and to compare the data obtained with other previous related studies.

Methods: Review of the Jos University Teaching Hospital cancer registry from January 2001 to December 2010.

Pattern of urological malignancies seen at Federal Medical Centre Gombe North Eastern Nigeria.

Background: The incidence of urological malignancies is on the increase globally like most other malignant tumours. There is generally poor documentation of urological malignancies in Nigeria attested to by the paucity of literature on this subject matter. This study was carried out to document the pattern and distribution of urological malignancies seen at Federal Medical Centre, Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria.

Porocephalosis due to encysted Armillifer nymph presenting as an acute abdominal emergency: case report and review of literature.

A rare case of porocephalosis infection presenting with an acute abdominal emergency in a 60 year old Nigerian is presented. The characteristic radiologic appearance of Armillifer nymph is described, and clinical findings which may be caused by this parasite are reviewed. A brief review of the epidemiology of porocephalosis is also included.

Abdominal tuberculosis in surgical practice in northern Nigeria.

Background: Abdominal tuberculosis is a common complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. With the rising incidence of HIV, tuberculosis has become a major public health problem particularly in developing countries.

Methods: This is a retrospective study involving patients whose surgical specimens were processed at the central histopathology laboratory of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria--Nigeria, between January 1975 to December 2006.

Awareness of occupational hazards and utilization of safety measures among welders in Kaduna metropolis, northern Nigeria.

Background: Welders are exposed to a variety of occupational hazards with untoward health effects. However, little is known of welders' awareness of health hazards and their adherence to safety precautions in developing countries. This study assessed the awareness of occupational hazards and adherence to safety measures among welders in Kaduna metropolis in northern Nigeria.

Paediatric surgical research and publications in a developing country setting.

Background: Research and publications are important in advancing quality of care as well as improving knowledge. Paediatric surgical research and publications in sub Saharan Africa have not been given much focused attention.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of published work in paediatric surgery from a major paediatric surgical centre in Nigeria from 1969 - 2005.

Changes in HIV/AIDS/STI knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours among the youth in Port Loko, Sierra Leone.

Sierra Leone suffered from 11 years of civil war (1991-2002) resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and mutilations and massive population displacement. In 2001, ARC International, Sierra Leone, conducted a baseline survey of 244 female youth and 293 male youth on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours around HIV/AIDS and STIs in Port Loko. In 2003, following 2 years of HIV prevention activities, a comparable post-intervention survey of 250 female and 299 male youth was performed.

Symptomatic vitelline duct anomalies in children.

A wide variety of anomalies may occur as a result of the vitelline duct (VD) failing to obliterate completely. Most reports on symptomatic VD focus on Meckel's diverticulum, while other anomalies are given little attention. A retrospective review was conducted at our institution.