Pneumatic spray delivery-based fixed spray system configuration optimization for efficient agrochemical application in modern vineyards.

Background: The hydraulic spray delivery (HSD)-based solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) emitter configuration has been optimized for agrochemical applications in vertical shoot position (VSP) vineyards. It uses cost-prohibitive emitters, and their placement restricts the mechanical pruning activities. Therefore, this study focused on optimizing the spray performance of a pneumatic spray delivery (PSD)-based SSCDS variant that addresses the earlier issues.