Isolated Medial Malleolar Fractures: Current Concepts in Management.

Isolated medial malleolar fractures (IMMFs) are uncommon and often occur with other ankle injuries, complicating their treatment and management. This review aims to compare the complication rates and functional outcomes of surgical versus conservative treatment for IMMFs in skeletally mature patients. The literature suggests that for IMMFs with less than 2 mm of displacement, conservative treatment provides functional outcomes similar to surgical interventions, with minimal complications.

Morphogenesis of bacterial cables in polymeric environments.

Many bacteria live in polymeric fluids, such as mucus, environmental polysaccharides, and extracellular polymers in biofilms. However, laboratory studies typically focus on cells in polymer-free fluids. Here, we show that interactions with polymers shape a fundamental feature of bacterial life-how they proliferate in space in multicellular colonies.

Red cell antibodies or noise? A case series on reactivity against the ingredients in column matrix.

Noise in the immunohematological investigations can be described as a false reactivity of red blood cells (RBCs) in serologic testing that is not related to the interaction of RBC antigens and antibodies that the test system is intended to detect. These false-positive reactions can cause confusion during the cross-matching and RBC antibody screening and may result in delays in patient transfusion. Although these antibodies are predominantly clinically insignificant, proper laboratory work-up is indicated to avoid misidentification of a clinically significant antibody as a noise.

Beyond anxiety: Autonomy and harm reduction approaches to DIY Hormone Replacement Therapy.

A researcher in a Hyderabad-based science institution, Roshni (name changed to preserve anonymity) started identifying as a transgender woman in 2018, and wanted to start her medical transition - the process by which transgender people seek to affirm and express their gender using medical interventions.

Critical considerations and computational tools in plant genome editing.

Recent advances in genome editing tools and CRISPR-Cas technologies have enabled plant genome engineering reach new heights. The current regulatory exemptions for certain categories of genome edited products, such as those derived from SDN-1 and SDN-2, which are free of any transgene, have significantly accelerated genome editing research in a number of agricultural crop plants in different countries. Although CRISPR-Cas technology is becoming increasingly popular, it is still important to carefully consider a number of factors before planning and carrying conducting CRISPR-Cas studies.

Developing a Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are driving innovation in biosciences and are already affecting key elements of medical scholarship and clinical care. Many schools of medicine are capitalizing on the promise of these new technologies by establishing academic units to catalyze and grow research and innovation in AI/ML. At Stanford University, we have developed a successful model for an AI/ML research center with support from academic leaders, clinical departments, extramural grants, and industry partners.

Pilot training for clinical research professionals in using empathy to recognize and respond to implicit bias in research recruitment and retention.

Recruiting and retaining research participants is challenging because it often requires overcoming structural barriers and addressing how histories of mistrust and individuals' lived experiences affect their research engagement. We describe a pilot workshop designed to educate clinical research professionals on using empathy skills to recognize and mitigate bias to improve recruitment and retention. In a post-workshop survey (22/31 participants completed), 94% agreed the workshop helped them practice perspective-taking, recognize implicit bias, and identify opportunities for empathy.

Raman signatures of inversion symmetry breaking structural transition in quasi-1D compound, (TaSe4)3I.

The breaking of inversion symmetry combined with spin-orbit coupling, can give rise to intrigu- ing quantum phases and collective excitations. Here, we report systematic temperature dependent Raman scattering and theoretical calculations of phonon modes across the inversion symmetry- breaking structural transitions in a quasi-one-dimensional compound (TaSe4)3I. Our investigation revealed the emergence of three additional Raman-active modes in Raman spectra of the low- temperature (LT) non-centrosymmetric (NC) structure of the material.

Divergent Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite and three different alphasatellite species associated with cotton leaf curl disease outbreak in Northwest India.

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a major constraint for production of cotton (Gossypium sp.) in Northwest India. CLCuD is caused by a monopartite, circular ssDNA virus belonging to the genus Begomovirus in association with betasatellites and alphasatellites, and ttransmitted by a whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci).

BBX22 enhances the accumulation of antioxidants to inhibit DNA damage and promotes DNA repair under high UV-B.

Under changing climatic conditions, plant exposure to high-intensity UV-B can be a potential threat to plant health and all plant-derived human requirements, including food. It's crucial to understand how plants respond to high UV-B radiation so that proper measures can be taken to enhance tolerance towards high UV-B stress. We found that BBX22, a B-box protein-coding gene, is strongly induced within one hour of exposure to high-intensity UV-B.

Association of Computed Tomography Scan-Assessed Body Composition with Immune and PI3K/AKT Pathway Proteins in Distinct Breast Cancer Tumor Components.

This hypothesis-generating study aims to examine the extent to which computed tomography-assessed body composition phenotypes are associated with immune and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways in breast tumors. A total of 52 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were classified into four body composition types: adequate (lowest two tertiles of total adipose tissue [TAT]) and highest two tertiles of total skeletal muscle [TSM] areas); high adiposity (highest tertile of TAT and highest two tertiles of TSM); low muscle (lowest tertile of TSM and lowest two tertiles of TAT); and high adiposity with low muscle (highest tertile of TAT and lowest tertile of TSM). Immune and PI3K/AKT pathway proteins were profiled in tumor epithelium and the leukocyte-enriched stromal microenvironment using GeoMx (NanoString).

An In-Vitro Study of the Root Canal Configuration of Mandibular First Premolars in a Bengali Subpopulation Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the root canal configuration system of mandibular first premolars in the Bengali subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: Based on Vertucci's classification, the root canal morphology of 100 randomly selected mandibular first premolars in 56 males and 44 females from the Bengali subpopulation of West Bengal was assessed in vitro. The location of the apical foramen, lateral canal, C-shaped canal, types of canal orifice cross-sections, minor constriction diameter, tooth length, and root length were noted.

Association between Free Tri-iodothyronine Level and In-Hospital Outcome in Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Streptokinase Therapy.

Low free Tri-iodothyronine (FT₃) levels are generally associated with poor prognosis in patients with various critical illnesses. Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) represents the most lethal form of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) with substantial short- and long-term mortality. This study was done to assess the association between FT₃ levels and in-hospital outcome of the STEMI patients treated with streptokinase therapy.

Alternative splicing expands the antiviral IFITM repertoire in Chinese rufous horseshoe bats.

Species-specific interferon responses are shaped by the virus-host arms race. The human interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) family consists of three antiviral IFITM genes that arose by gene duplication. These genes restrict virus entry and are key players in antiviral interferon responses.

Multiomic molecular patterns of lipid dysregulation in a subphenotype of sepsis with higher shock incidence and mortality.

Background: Lipids play a critical role in defense against sepsis. We sought to investigate gene expression and lipidomic patterns of lipid dysregulation in sepsis.

Methods: Data from four adult sepsis studies were analyzed and findings were investigated in two external datasets.

Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Hand and Peripheral Nerve Injuries: An Evaluation of ChatGPT and the Isabel Differential Diagnosis Generator.

Purpose: Tools using artificial intelligence may help reduce missed or delayed diagnoses and improve patient care in hand surgery. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the performance of two natural language processing programs, Isabel and ChatGPT-4, in diagnosing hand and peripheral nerve injuries from a set of clinical vignettes.

Methods: Cases from a virtual library of hand surgery case reports with no history of trauma or previous surgery were included in this study.

Enhancing soil arsenic immobilization with organic and inorganic amendments: insights from sorption-desorption study.

The retention and mobility of arsenic (As) in soil depend on various physical and chemical factors. The knowledge of the sorption-desorption chemistry of As in soil is necessary for predicting the fate and behavior of As in soil environments. Therefore, this study assessed different organic (sugarcane bagasse and vermicompost) and inorganic amendments (steel slag and fly ash) for their impact on sorption-desorption of As in texturally different contaminated soils (of sandy clay (SC) and sandy clay loam (SCL) texture) to understand the effect of amendments on As retention and mobility.

High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1): Molecular Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.

High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved non-histone chromatin-associated protein across species, primarily recognized for its regulatory impact on vital cellular processes, like autophagy, cell survival, and apoptosis. HMGB1 exhibits dual functionality based on its localization: both as a non-histone protein in the nucleus and as an inducer of inflammatory cytokines upon extracellular release. Pathophysiological insights reveal that HMGB1 plays a significant role in the onset and progression of a vast array of diseases, viz.

asmbPLS: biomarker identification and patient survival prediction with multi-omics data.

Introduction: With the advancement of high-throughput studies, an increasing wealth of high-dimensional multi-omics data is being collected from the same patient cohort. However, leveraging this multi-omics data to predict survival outcomes poses a significant challenge due to its complex structure.

Methods: In this article, we present a novel approach, the Adaptive Sparse Multi-Block Partial Least Squares (asmbPLS) Regression model, which introduces a dynamic assignment of penalty factors to distinct blocks within various PLS components, facilitating effective feature selection and prediction.