[The pathogenesis of acute thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities].

It is emphasized in the discussed problem that several factors participate simultaneously in the mechanism of thrombogenesis. At the same time, local hemodynamic disorders (congestion, turbulent flow, local hypoxemia) lead to pathological changes of blood platelet hemostatic properties in these regions, which is conducive to local thrombus formation. Inflammation develops as a consequence of the response of the venous wall to stimulators of infectious, autoimmune or neoplastic character arriving along the lymphatic vessels, capillaries and perivascular spaces.

[Role of glomus shunts of the anorectal cavernous bodies in the mechanism of hemorrhoid development].

Histological examination of the hemorrhoids in 67 preparations of the rectum of adult persons showed the significance, in their development, of glomus and glomus blocking arteriovenous anorectal cavernous bodies, the two-three-fold increase of their volume was established. The dilatation of the glomus body lumen (from 20-30 to 270-480 microns) in the cavernous body wall is due to the epithelioid cell atrophy and sclerosis. When persistent dilatation and shortening of the distance between glomus mouths occurs, arterial blood passes from the peripheral branches of the superior rectal artery directly to the vena lumen, resulting, first, in the development of a simple compensatory and then varicose angioma-like flebectasia.

[Organization of the cavernous structures of the human rectum].

By means of complex histological and injection methods, including roentgenovasography and morphometry, 140 preparations of the human rectum have been studied during the late and middle fetal period, as well as during all periods of the postnatal ontogenesis. On the lateral walls of the columnar zone of the anal canal, places where the internal haemorrhagic nodes occur especially often, peculiar incapsulated and nonincapsulated microglomal cavernous bodies have been revealed. A large vascular peduncle connects them with the superior rectal artery and vein (according to 2-4 and 8-10 o'clock on the clock face) as complexes consisting of 2-3 penicilli and glomeruli.

[Phleboarchitectonics of hemorrhoids].

Complex histological and injection methods, including roentgenovasography and morphometry, in different age group persons in intraoperative and autopsy materials, total of 333 observations (225 cases with hemorroid and 108 control cases) have demonstrated direct relations of rectal arteries and veins with cavernous bodies of the rectum at sites of the selected localization of internal hemorrhoidal nodes (predominantly at the 2d--4th and 8--10th hour divisions on a clock-face). It was shown that insufficiency of locking mechanisms of portacaval and arteriolar-venular anastomoses of rectal cavernous bodies resulting from impeded blood outflow and hypervolemia underlie the structural basis of hemorrhoid pathogenesis.

[Histostructure of the venous bed of the hemorrhoidal zone of the human rectum].

In 90 preparations of the human rectum, venous vessels were studied. In all age groups, newborns and children including, trabecular veins with cone-shaped protrusions, intimal "cushons" and microvalves were revealed. In the columnar zone, on the lateral walls of the anal canal, they form cavernous bodies in arterio-venous anastomoses.

[Age and transformation dynamics of rectal vains and their alteration during hemorrhoid development].

Section and operative materials in persons of various age groups (108 cases in the norm and 197 cases with hemorrhoids) were investigated. Histometrically and macromicroscopically there were revealed veins of a trabecular structure and cavernous bodies in places of the most numerous contacts of the initial roots of the superior, middle and posterior rectal veins in the submucous base of anal columellas. At different stages of formation of hemorrhoids in various forms of phlebectasis (simple, varicous, and cavernous) most pronounced were histostructural changes in the form of endophlebitis and characteristic hypertrophic-atrophic processes of the media.