Evolution of European bison image and its implications for current species conservation.

Visual media are one of the fastest and most effective tools informing the public about conservation goals and convincing societies to support conservation actions. Similar mechanisms functioned in the past, only within a much longer time scale and different communication channels. We analyse the evolution of European bison's depictions between 1500 and 1900 in the context of building public awareness of the species and its conservation needs.

Challenges for Safe Electrolytes Applied in Lithium-Ion Cells-A Review.

The aspect of safety in electronic devices has turned out to be a huge challenge for the world of science. Thus far, satisfactory power and energy densities, efficiency, and cell capacities have been achieved. Unfortunately, the explosiveness and thermal runaway of the cells prevents them from being used in demanding applications such as electric cars at higher temperatures.

Germinoma Mimicking Brain Inflammation: A Case Report.

The authors report a case of a germinoma of the brain in the child with symptoms restricted to central nervous system. Ten-year-old girl presented initially with sight deterioration, learning difficulties, abnormal behavior, polydipsia, and polyuria. Brain magnetic resonance examination revealed T2 hyperintensity of the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and caudate nuclei.

Expression-based decision tree model reveals distinct microRNA expression pattern in pediatric neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors.

Background: The understanding of the molecular biology of pediatric neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial brain tumors is still insufficient due to low frequency and heterogeneity of those lesions which comprise several subtypes presenting neuronal and/or neuronal-glial differentiation. Important is that the most frequent ganglioglioma (GG) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) showed limited number of detectable molecular alterations. In such cases analyses of additional genomic mechanisms seem to be the most promising.

Symptomatic Rathke cleft cyst in paediatric patients - clinical presentations, surgical treatment and postoperative outcomes - an analysis of 38 cases.

Background: Rathke cleft cysts (RCC) are benign, epithelium-lined intrasellar and/or suprasellar cysts believed to originate from the remnants of the Rathke pouch. The aim of this study was to analyse the symptoms and surgical outcome of patients with the diagnosis of RCC verified in a histopathological examination of the postoperative material.

Methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of 38 cases of children who underwent a neurosurgical treatment due to RCC at the Children's Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Poland, between 1994 and 2015.

Lessons from Białowieża Forest on the history of protection and the world's first reintroduction of a large carnivore.

Understanding how the relationships between large carnivores and humans have evolved and have been managed through centuries can provide relevant insights for wildlife conservation. The management history of many large carnivores has followed a similar pattern, from game reserved for nobility, to persecuted pests, to conservation targets. We reconstructed the history of brown bear (Ursus arctos) management in Białowieża Forest (Poland and Belarus) based on a detailed survey of historical literature and Russian archives.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery in hemothorax evacuation after cardiac surgery or cardiac interventions.

Introduction: Cardiac surgery and cardiac interventions are associated with the risk of iatrogenic complications, including hemothorax. Minimally invasive methods of evacuating hemothorax include video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).

Aim: This paper presents this method and provides its detailed analysis.

Surgical treatment of neuronal-glial tumors of mesial-basal part of temporal lobe: Long term outcome and control of epilepsy in pediatric patients.

Background: Neuronal-glial tumors (ganglioglioma and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor) are a frequent cause of focal, drug-resistant and epilepsy in children and young adults, that is amenable for surgical treatment.

Aim Of Paper: Assessment of late outcome of surgical treatment and degree of seizure control, as well as prognostic significance of selected clinical factors.

Material And Method: 52 Pediatric patients presenting with epilepsy, lesion of mesio-basal temporal lobe and histologically verified neuronal-glial tumor treated at our facility since 2000-2011.

Tension pneumocephalus following suboccipital sitting craniotomy in the pediatric population.

Background: Sitting craniotomy often results in entrapment of air in fluid-filled intracranial cavities. Gas under pressure exerts a deleterious effect on adjacent nervous tissue, resulting in clinical deterioration.

Aim Of Study: To assess the incidence of tension pneumocephalus (TP) and to define risk factors associated therewith.

Airgun shot wound to the orbit with retention of pellet. Case report and review of the literature.

Shot wounds become a growing clinical concern in the civilian setting, due to increasing popularity of air guns among minors. We present a pediatric case of a shot wound to the orbit with sparing of the eyeball and retention of airgun pellet in the retrobulbar space. The pellet was removed 3 months after injury via lateral orbitotomy.

[WILD MAMMALS OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA IN THE WORKS OF JEAN-EMMANUEL GILIBERT].

Among the many topics of lively scientific work that Jean Emmanuel Gilibert (1741-1814) conducted in Grodno and Vilnius, an important place is occupied by his observations of wild mammals. Royal patronage and care from Antoni Tyzenhauz, Treasurer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the governor of Grodno, allowed Gilibert to keep and observe wild fauna captured by royal services in royal forests, including Białowieża Primeval Forest. Such was an origin of a female bison kept by Gilibert in Grodno.

[J.E. GILIBERT--HIS LIFE AND WORK IN THE LIGHT OF A CORRESPONDENCE AND TESTIMONIES OF HIS TIME].

Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741-1814) has been the subject of few biographical works. This paper presents the results of research from unpublished documents, unknown by historians until now. The information, publishedin old sources as in Gilibert autobiographical sketches or in catalogues of natural history papers auctions, is critically analyzed here.

Contrast enhancement pattern predicts poor survival for patients with non-WNT/SHH medulloblastoma tumours.

Recent studies revealed the biological heterogeneity of medulloblastoma, with the existence of at least four groups which are associated with several clinical and morphological features. We investigated for further correlations between molecular types, location of tumours, their contrast enhancement pattern and survival of patients. Altogether 76 tumours were analyzed and molecular subtypes were identified by immunohistochemistry using representative antibodies, detection of chromosome 6 monosomy and CTNNB1 mutation.

[THE PROFESSORS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND THE SOCIETY OF THE FRIENDS OF THE SCIENCES OF WARSAW (1800-1832)].

The National Museum of Natural History played a crucial role in the formation of Polish scientific elites in the 19th century. Many Polish students were attending in Paris natural history, botany, zoology, chemistry and mineralogy courses. The Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning was the largest scientific society and one of the most important scientific institutions in Poland.

Angiocentric glioma: a rare intractable epilepsy-related tumour in children.

Angiocentric glioma is a low-grade tumour that occurs in children and young adults with a long-standing epilepsy. The typical histopathological features of this tumour is the presence of spindle-shaped cells, radially oriented around the cortical blood vessels. We present two teenage cases of the angiocentric variant of glioma: 1) a 15-year-old girl with a chronic and intractable partial epilepsy with cystic tumour located in the right temporal lobe and 2) a 14-year-old boy with intractable seizures and an extensive cortical lesion in the left parieto-occipital area.

Surgical treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in tuberous sclerosis complex patients.

Background: Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is a brain tumor associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. There are two treatment options for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas: surgery or mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. The analysis of outcome of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma surgery may help characterize the patients who may benefit from pharmacotherapy.

Giant cerebellar cavernous malformation in 4-month-old boy. Case report and review of the literature.

Cavernous malformations (CMs) are rare vascular lesions that affect 0.4-0.9% of the population.

Upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in ganglioglioma.

Ganglioglioma (GG) is a low-grade neoplasm, often associated with intractable epilepsy in pediatric patients. Available data suggest a relationship between GG and other glioneuronal lesions. So far, little is known about activation of kinases belonging to the mTor (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, although its upregulation is often found in brain tumors.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in human intractable epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a developmental brain disorder characterized by localized abnormalities of cortical layering and neuronal morphology. It is associated with pharmacologically intractable forms of epilepsy in both children and adults. The mechanisms that underlie FCD-associated seizures and lead to the progression of the disease are unclear.

Bacteria and Candida yeasts in inflammations of the oral mucosa in children with secondary immunodeficiency.

Background: Oral microbial flora and a damaged oral mucosa may increase the risk of bacteriemia, fungemia and complications in immunocompromised patients.

Aim Of The Study: Assessment of presence: bacteria and Candida spp. in different oral lesions, and the incidence of bacteremia in the case of a damaged mucosa in transplant recipients and patients receiving anti-tumour chemotherapy.

Congenital brain tumors in a series of 56 patients.

Introduction: Central nervous system tumors diagnosed before the end of the first year of life differ from those found in older children and in adults. The differences include mode of clinical presentation, anatomical distribution, histopathological diagnoses, response to therapy, and outcome.

Materials And Methods: The material consists of 56 children (23 girls and 33 boys), aged at recognition 32 Hbd-12 months.

Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas with atypical histological features mimicking malignant gliomas.

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a rare, benign brain tumour developing in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Typical histopathological findings of this neoplasm are solid sheets and perivascular pseudorosettes of large, gemistocytic, polygonal and occasionally ganglion-like cells within a fibrillated background, accompanied by spindle-shaped cells creating broad fascicles. Rich vascular stroma, and numerous calcifications are common.

Cognitive and social functioning in children and adolescents after the removal of craniopharyngioma.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess cognitive, emotional and social functioning in children and adolescents after the removal of craniopharyngioma.

Methods: Twenty-seven children operated for craniopharyngioma and their parents participated in the study. Cognitive functions were assessed with WISC-R/WAIS-R-PL and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test.