[Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: search for new ways of planning].

A decision regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in early (operable) breast cancer in the past was made entirely on the basis of clinical and pathological features. However with the growing awareness of tumor biology and the possibility of the genomic analysis to determine the molecular subtypes of breast cancer it is getting real to identify patients whose tumors are resistant to chemotherapy or vice versa benefit from its addition. Despite the fact that genomic analysis allows some patients avoiding chemotherapy (especially patients with localized breast cancer), such studies do not indicate the most appropriate chemotherapy regimens.

[Family diabetes and its consequences in cancer patients].

Preliminary data are confirmed on the more rare prevalence of family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cancer patients, mainly females, with diabetes in comparison with diabetics without cancer pathology. Familial diabetes does not worsen additionally tumor characteristics against the same in patients with non-familial diabetes. More than that, familial diabetes in diabetics with breast cancer goes together with lesser size of tumor and demonstrates an inclination to the rarer distant metastases in breast and endometrial cancer patients.

[The role of nanotechnology in creating novel antitumor agents].

Nanobiotechnology, defined as an arm of a nano-system is a rapidly developing area of medicine. Nanomaterials ranging from 1 to 1000 nm in size offer unique advantages of interaction with biological systems on the molecular level. Nanobiotechnologies can be used in definition, diagnosis and treatment of cancer thus leading to the new development of a new discipline--nanooncology.

[Phase II clinical trial of neoadjuvant hormone therapy in comparison with chemotherapy of patients with breast cancer].

Data are presented on a randomized study (stage II) which was undertaken to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicin+paclitaxel) vis-a-vis endocrine therapy with aromatase inhibitors (anastrazole or exemestane) in postmenopausal women with ER-positive and/or PgR-positive tumors. Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy was well tolerated and showed similar rates of overall response as compared with the latter regimen.

[The surgical treatment of erythromelalgia by the destruction of the inlet areas of the posterior spinal nerve roots].

The paper presents a 13-year-old patient suffering from erythromelalgia in whom arm pain and burning ceased for 3 years after unilateral stereotactic cryodestruction of the thalamic ventrolateral nuclei. Following a relapse, reoperation on the other side turned out to be ineffective. Then the patient underwent destruction of the inlet areas of the spinal dorsal roots by breaking the cervical pain-conducting tracts.

[The surgical treatment of muscle tonus disorders by the destruction of the input areas of the posterior spinal nerve roots].

Stereotactic cryodestruction of the subcortical ganglions for microdestruction of the inlets of the radices spinales was conducted in resistant to drug and surgical treatment patients with impaired muscular tension and spastic pain syndrome (infantile cerebral paralysis, dystonia musculorum deformans, postencephalitic spastic-hyperkinetic syndrome). A total of 8 patients aged 19-46 were treated. The destruction of the segments depended on the site of the tension impairment.

[Transfusion therapy as a method of correcting peripheral microcirculatory disorders in severe cranio-cerebral trauma].

Photoplethysmographic and capillaroscopic studies of peripheral microcirculation conducted in patients with severe craniocerebral injuries during the acute period revealed some regularities of its changes depending on the type of the transfusion medium. While transfusions of glucose-novocain mixtures and, especially, of low molecular weight dextrans increase the volume pulse and improve the capillary flow in patients with supratentorial pathology, and blood and plasma transfusions reduce the volume pulse and enhance the capillary disorders, patients with brain stem insufficiency display a reverse pattern--a reduction of the volume pulse following transfusions of low molecular weight dextrans, and its increase following blood transfusions. An optimum regimen of infusion-transfusion, therapy and correction of microcirculatory disorders was worked out.

[Peripheral microcirculatory disorders in severe cranio-cerebral injuries].

Photopletizmographical and capillaroscopic studies in 83 patients with severe brain trauma found a definite correlation between the character and localization of the brain lesion and peripheral microcirculation changes. The author considers that the data of the dynamical studies of the mentioned parameters can be significant for a judgement of the prognosis in severe brain traumas.