HIV-1-Associated Left Ventricular Cardiac Dysfunction in Humanized Mice.

The molecular cause(s) for early onset heart failure in people living with HIV-1 infection (PLWH) remains poorly defined. Herein, longitudinal echocardiography was used to assess whether NOD.Cg-Prkdc Il2rgt/SzJ mice reconstituted with human hematopoietic stem cells (Hu-NSG mice) and infected with HIV-1 can recapitulate the salient features of this progressive human disease.

Traumatic brain injury and hippocampal neurogenesis: Functional implications.

In the adult brain, self-renewing radial-glia like (RGL) progenitor cells have been shown to reside in the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. A large body of evidence shows that experiences such as learning, enriched environment and stress can alter proliferation and differentiation of RGL progenitor cells. The progenitor cells present in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus divide to give rise to newborn neurons that migrate to the dentate gyrus where they differentiate into adult granule neurons.

Identification of functional epitopes of structural proteins and in-silico designing of dual acting multiepitope anti-tick vaccine against emerging Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.

Recurrent outbreaks of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus infection in different parts of world are a major global health concern. The CCHF viral infection is associated with severe hemorrhagic fevers and mortality up to 40%. More than 30 countries in Asia, Europe and Africa are affected with CCHF infection.

Cancer cell lines show high heritability for motility but not generation time.

Tumour evolution depends on heritable differences between cells in traits affecting cell survival or replication. It is well established that cancer cells are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous; however, the extent to which this phenotypic variation is heritable is far less well explored. Here, we estimate the broad-sense heritability ( ) of two cell traits related to cancer hallmarks--cell motility and generation time--within populations of four cancer cell lines and find that motility is strongly heritable.

Tumour-suppressive effect of oestrogen receptor β in colorectal cancer patients, colon cancer cells, and a zebrafish model.

Oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been suggested to have anti-proliferative and anti-tumour effects in breast and prostate cancer cells, but other studies have indicated its tumour-promoting effects. Understanding the complex effects of this receptor in different contexts requires further study. We reported that high ERβ expression is independently associated with improved prognosis in female colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Surface plasmon resonance sensing of Ebola virus: a biological threat.

Here, different monoclonal antibodies (mAb1, mAb2 and mAb3) of Ebola virus were screened in a real-time and label-free manner using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to select an appropriate antibody for biosensor applications against a biological warfare agent. For this purpose, a gold SPR chip was modified with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), and modification was confirmed by FTIR-ATR and EIS. The 4-MBA-modified gold SPR chip was used for immobilization of the recombinant nucleoprotein of Ebola (EBOV-rNP), and the interactions of mAb1, mAb2 and mAb3 were then investigated to determine the best mAb based on the affinity constant (K), expressed as equilibrium dissociation constant.

Combined effect of left stellate ganglion blockade and topical administration of papaverine on left internal thoracic artery blood flow in patients undergoing coronary revascularization.

Background: Left stellate ganglion blockade (LSGB) may have additive effect to topical administration of papaverine on prevention of vasospasm of left internal thoracic artery (LITA).

Aims: This study aims to compare LITA blood flow with topical application of papaverine alone or in combination with LSGB.

Setting: Tertiary care hospital.

Gelatin carrageenan sericin hydrogel composites improves cell viability of cryopreserved SaOS-2 cells.

Cryopreservation and the low revival rate of cryopreserved cells remains a major challenge in cell based bone regeneration therapies. In our current study we aimed to develop a sericin based hydrogel composite incorporating various drugs and growth factors to enhance cell attachment, cryopreservation to increase the cellular viability upon revival. Sericin, gelatin and carrageenan blended hydrogel composites were prepared and explored for their physicochemical properties.

Efficacy and tolerability of nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in recurrent and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck at a cancer center in Northern India.

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) account for approximately 30-33% of all cancer and the median survival for recurrent and metastatic(R/M) SCCHN remains less than 1 year despite modern advances in therapy. Chemotherapy, usually single agent remains the backbone of therapy in these patients. EGFR antibodies are being used in (R/M) SCCHN.

Amplification of Replication Competent HIV-1 by Adoptive Transfer of Human Cells From Infected Humanized Mice.

Detection of latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in "putative" infectious reservoirs is required for determining treatment efficiency and for viral elimination strategies. Such tests require induction of replication competent provirus and quantitative testing of viral load for validation. Recently, humanized mice were employed in the development of such tests by employing a murine viral outgrowth assay (mVOA).

Pathways towards human immunodeficiency virus elimination.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Research seeking to transform viral suppression into elimination has generated novel immune, chemical and molecular antiviral agents. However, none, to date, have excised latent integrated proviral DNA or removed infected cells from infected persons.

A population of proinflammatory T cells coexpresses αβ and γδ T cell receptors in mice and humans.

T cells are classically recognized as distinct subsets that express αβ or γδ TCRs. We identify a novel population of T cells that coexpress αβ and γδ TCRs in mice and humans. These hybrid αβ-γδ T cells arose in the murine fetal thymus by day 16 of ontogeny, underwent αβ TCR-mediated positive selection into CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes, and constituted up to 10% of TCRδ+ cells in lymphoid organs.

Bedside Lung Ultrasound for Postoperative Lung Conditions in Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit: Diagnostic Value and Comparison with Bedside Chest Roentgenogram.

Background: The postoperative settings in cardiothoracic intensive care unit (ICU) patients pose a certain risk with pulmonary dysfunction causing morbidity and mortality. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has a potential to supplant or replace Chest X-rays (CXR) in these subset of patients, who will require bed side pulmonary pathology diagnosis and interventions.

Aims And Objectives: Aim of the study is to compare the diagnosis predicted from LUS to the diagnosis made from routine bedside CXR and to find the degree of agreement in diagnosis made by both modalities in different cardiopulmonary pathologies in ICUs.

Sarm1 loss reduces axonal damage and improves cognitive outcome after repetitive mild closed head injury.

One of the consistent pathologies associated with both clinical and experimental traumatic brain injury is axonal injury, especially following mild traumatic brain injury (or concussive injury). Several lines of experimental evidence have demonstrated a role for NAD+ metabolism in axonal degeneration. One of the enzymes that metabolizes NAD+ in axons is Sarm1 (Sterile Alpha and TIR Motif Containing 1), and its activity is thought to play a key role in axonal degeneration.

Aorto-left ventricular tunnel - A case report.

Aorto-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is a rare congenital anomaly with extracardiac channel connecting ascending aorta to the ventricle. It presents early in life due to congestive cardiac failure. We present a case of ALVT with unusual morphology in an 11-year-old male child with palpitations and dyspnea.

Augmented immune responses to a booster dose of oral cholera vaccine in Bangladeshi children less than 5 years of age: Revaccination after an interval of over three years of primary vaccination with a single dose of vaccine.

We have earlier reported that a single dose of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is protective in adults and children ≥5 years of age and sustained for 2 years. We enrolled participants (n = 240) from this study, between March-September 2017, over 3 years after receiving a primary single dose. Immune responses were measured in placebo group (Primary Immunization group: PI) and compared with those who received a single dose (Booster Immunization group: BI).

Rilpivirine-associated aggregation-induced emission enables cell-based nanoparticle tracking.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the quality and duration of life for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, limitations in drug efficacy, emergence of viral mutations and the paucity of cell-tissue targeting remain. We posit that to maximize ART potency and therapeutic outcomes newer drug formulations that reach HIV cellular reservoirs need be created.

Assessment of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) transgenics expressing Bt ICPs, Cry2Aa and Cry1AcF under nethouse containment implicated an effective control against herbivory by Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner).

Background: Pigeonpea is a source of quality proteins and the main constituent of a well-balanced diet for majority of Indian population. One of the major constraints in the production of pigeonpea is a polyphagous insect pest, Helicoverpa armigera. Non-availability of resistant sources in the germplasm and limitations in conventional breeding have been key factors for continued yield losses.

Seasonal fluctuation in three mode of greenhouse gases emission in relation to soil labile carbon pools in degraded mangrove, Sundarban, India.

Tropical mangrove represents one of the most threatened ecosystems despite their huge contribution to ecosystem services, carbon (C) sequestration and climate change mitigation. Understanding the system in light of seasonal fluctuations on greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions due to human interferences and the tidal effect is important for devising site-specific real-time climate change mitigation strategies. In order to capture the seasonal variations, the three modes of transport of GHGs through pneumatophore, ebullition as bubbles and water-soluble diffusion was quantified.

Steady expression of high oleic acid in peanut bred by marker-assisted backcrossing for fatty acid desaturase mutant alleles and its effect on seed germination along with other seedling traits.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important nutrient-rich food legume and valued for its good quality cooking oil. The fatty acid content is the major determinant of the quality of the edible oil.

Effect of ultrapure lipopolysaccharides derived from diverse bacterial species on the modulation of platelet activation.

Platelets are small circulating blood cells that play essential roles in the maintenance of haemostasis via blood clotting. However, they also play critical roles in the regulation of innate immune responses. Inflammatory receptors, specifically Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, have been reported to modify platelet reactivity.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor of Syrian golden hamster shares structural and functional similarity with human counterpart and promotes pancreatic cancer.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that increasingly is being studied in cancers and inflammatory diseases. Though murine models have been instrumental in understanding the functional role of MIF in different pathological conditions, the information obtained from these models is biased towards a specific species. In experimental science, results obtained from multiple clinically relevant animal models always provide convincing data that might recapitulate in humans.

Loss of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (Pink1) reduces hippocampal tyrosine hydroxylase and impairs learning and memory.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1 (Pink1) is involved in mitochondrial quality control, which is essential for maintaining energy production and minimizing oxidative damage from dysfunctional/depolarized mitochondria. Pink1 mutations are the second most common cause of autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition to characteristic motor impairments, PD patients also commonly exhibit cognitive impairments.