Impact of population size on population genetic analysis of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) allelic data, forensic and paternity parameters and its effect on forensic DNA analysis.

The selection of an appropriate STR allelic frequency database is the prerequisite for assessing the evidentiary value of DNA evidence. Four data sets comprising 50, 100, 200, and 500 samples were evaluated in 21 autosomal STR markers in the Indian and the Bahrain population. Allelic richness showed an increasing trend with the increase in sample size i.

Advancements in differentiation between sperm cells and epithelial cells for efficient forensic DNA analysis in sexual assault cases.

Most of the sexual assault casework samples are of mixed sources. Forensic DNA laboratories are always in the requirement of a precise technique for the efficient separation of sperm and non-sperm DNA from mixed samples. Since the introduction of the differential extraction technique in 1985, it has seen significant advancements in the form of either chemicals used or modification of incubation times.

Optimizing Eco-Friendly Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Using Environmental Strains of Species and .

Worldwide, huge amounts of plastics are being introduced into the ecosystem, causing environmental pollution. Generally, plastic biodegradation in the ecosystem takes hundreds of years. Hence, the isolation of plastic-biodegrading microorganisms and finding optimum conditions for their action is crucial.

Exploring media consumption and mental health among young adults during the second wave of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

Background: This study examined the association between media exposure and mental health during the second wave of lockdown among the general population of Bangladesh.

Methods: A total of 449 adult participants were enrolled in the study to evaluate their levels of exposure to total media, electronic media, and social media. Mental health was assessed using a 7-item generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale.

Geolocation prediction from STR genotyping: a pilot study in five geographically distinct global populations.

Background: Traditional CE-based STR profiles are highly useful for the purpose of individualisation. However, they do not give any additional information without the presence of the reference sample for comparison.

Aim: To assess the usability of STR-based genotypes for the prediction of an individual's geolocation.

PCR inhibitors and facilitators - Their role in forensic DNA analysis.

Since its inception, DNA typing technology has been practiced as a robust tool in criminal investigations. Experts usually utilize STR profiles to identify and individualize the suspect. However, mtDNA and Y STR analyses are also considered in some sample-limiting conditions.

Evaluation of face masks as a valuable forensic DNA evidence in the post-COVID era.

After the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, a sharp surge in the usage of the face-masks throughout the globe has been observed. Pre-experiment survey of 252 individuals indicated a higher use of cotton-make masks (41%), followed by N-95 make (31%), and surgical disposable masks (26%). It was also further revealed that a higher fraction of individuals wear a face-mask more than 3 times (37%) before its disposal.

CRISPR-CasB technology in forensic DNA analysis: challenges and solutions.

CRISPR-Cas technology has revolutionized the field of biotechnology with its precise therapeutic use from genetic as well as infectious diseases point of view. This technology is rapidly evolving to single tool enabling site-directed cut in the genome and highly specific activation or inhibition of gene expression or the exchange of single bases. Besides clinical applications, CRISPR-Cas technology has also shown promising use in the field of forensic DNA analysis.

Microbial community signatures for estimation of postmortem time intervals.

The human body provides a complex ecosystem for symbiotic habitation of a huge number of microorganisms. These commensal microorganisms provide a huge benefit to the living host by acting against many deadly infections. Once the host dies, many changes in the complex ecosystem of the human body take place.

Evaluation of diallelic STR markers with inter-population allelic database for their usefulness in paternity trios in the Central Indian population.

Background: Most of the forensic DNA laboratories have migrated to new generation STR kits of 6 dye chemistry with more than 20 autosomal STRs. The population-specific databases of such STR markers are lacking in many regions.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of the inter-population database in 100 paternity trios with no inconsistencies at 23 STRs.

Sequence variations, flanking region mutations, and allele frequency at 31 autosomal STRs in the central Indian population by next generation sequencing (NGS).

Capillary electrophoresis-based analysis does not reflect the exact allele number variation at the STR loci due to the non-availability of the data on sequence variation in the repeat region and the SNPs in flanking regions. Herein, this study reports the length-based and sequence-based allelic data of 138 central Indian individuals at 31 autosomal STR loci by NGS. The sequence data at each allele was compared to the reference hg19 sequence.

Prevalence and characterisation of size and sequence-based microvariant alleles at nine autosomal STR markers in the Central Indian population.

Background: Though microvariant alleles are widely reported in global populations, they are not well characterised to date.

Aim: To study the prevalence and characterisation of size and sequence-based microvariant alleles.

Subjects And Methods: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was used to sequence microvariant alleles at nine autosomal STR markers in 138 samples.

Forensic characterization of 124 SNPs in the central Indian population using precision ID Identity Panel through next-generation sequencing.

With the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, SNP markers are being explored as a useful alternative to conventional capillary electrophoresis-based STR typing. Low mutation rate and short-sized amplicons are added advantages of SNP markers over the STRs. However, to achieve a sufficient level of discrimination among individuals, a higher number of SNPs need to be characterized simultaneously.

Cellular and genetic mechanism of bacterial mercury resistance and their role in biogeochemistry and bioremediation.

Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic element that occurs at low concentrations in nature. However, various anthropogenic and natural sources contribute around 5000 to 8000 metric tons of Hg per year, rapidly deteriorating the environmental conditions. Mercury-resistant bacteria that possess the mer operon system have the potential for Hg bioremediation through volatilization from the contaminated milieus.

The protective role of resveratrol against sulfoxaflor-induced toxicity in testis of adult male rats.

This work was designed to explore the protective role of resveratrol (RES) against sulfoxaflor (Sulfx)-induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. The animals were divided into six groups: Control group, Sulfx treated groups (79.5 and 205 mg/kg/day), RES treated group (20 mg/kg/day), RES + Sulfx treated groups (20 mg/kg Res + 79.

Practice Changing Articles in Neuroanesthesiology and Neurocritical Care in Recent Years: A Literature Review.

Background: Neuroanesthesiology and neurocritical care are constantly evolving branches of clinical neuroscience, and patient management is often influenced by literature such as randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Many controversies still exist in the management of neurologically injured patients, and most research in this field does not translate into significant changes in clinical practice.

Objective: This review aims to discuss studies of clinical importance published in preeminent journals over the time period 2017-2020, which may have the potential to influence our current management protocols.

Genetic diversity and forensic characterization of 15 autosomal microsatellite markers in the North-east Indian Tripuri population.

This study was conducted to explore the genomic diversity and forensic characterization of 15 autosomal microsatellite markers in the East Indian Tripuri population. In the studied population, we observed 158 different alleles with the average 10.53 alleles per locus.

Neuroprotective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice and seed extract in paraquat-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Paraquat, (PQ), an herbicide that can induce Parkinsonian-like symptoms in rodents and humans. The consumption of phytochemical-rich plants can reduce the risk of chronic illnesses such as inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of pomegranate seed extract (PSE) and juice (PJ) against PQ-induced neurotoxicity in mice.

Useful autosomal STR marker sets for forensic and paternity applications in the Central Indian population.

Background: Many countries have developed their core set of STR loci for forensic application and database generation, which India lacks.

Aim: To assess the usefulness of various combinations of autosomal STR marker sets for their superior use in the central Indian population for forensic and paternity applications.

Subjects And Methods: 19 STR marker sets were analysed on 200 central Indian populations and 20 paternity cases to assess their usefulness.

Forensic characterization and genetic evaluation in the Central Indian population using 27 Y-STRs.

Introduction: Forensic characterization and genetic evaluation study in the 539 randomly selected unrelated adult healthy individuals belonging to the Central Indian population was undertaken.

Methods: The study was performed using a multiplex of 27 Y-STRs incoporated in Yfiler™ Plus multiplex kit.

Results: Out of 539 samples, 6 samples were observed for large deletion and tri-allelic patterns, which were removed from the analysis, and out of 533 samples, a total of 507 haplotypes were found, and out of these haplotypes, 482 unique haplotypes were found in this piece of work.

Thanatomicrobiome and epinecrotic community signatures for estimation of post-mortem time interval in human cadaver.

Estimation of post-mortem time interval (PMI) is a key parameter in the forensic investigation which poses a huge challenge to the medico-legal experts. The succession of microbes within different parts of the human body after death has shown huge potential in the determination of PMI. Human body harbors trillions of microorganisms as commensals.

Molecular Analyses of Biofilm-Producing Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the presence of antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) genes, virulence genes, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in 14 biofilm-producing clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Materials And Methods: PCR amplification was performed to analyse the prevalence of genes associated with antibiotic resistance (extended-spectrum β-lactamases [ESBLs] and metallo-β-lactamases [MBLs]), virulence factors, MGEs (class 1 integron, Tn1213, and A. baumannii antibiotic resistance [AbaR]), and comM among the study isolates.

Genomic portrait of Odisha, India drawn by using 21 autosomal STR markers.

In order to find out the genetic diversity in the eastern Indian population of Odisha consisting of various linguistic and ethnic groups, we undertook a study on 508 unrelated healthy individuals belonging to Odisha, India. We assessed genetic variation and compared the data with published literature of Indian population consisting of different ethnic groups from different geographical areas using 21 autosomal STR markers. The most polymorphic and discriminatory STR locus in the studied population was found to be SE33 with the calculated values of 0.