Automatic Treatment Planning for Radiation Therapy: A Cross-Modality and Protocol Study.

Purpose: This study investigated the applicability of 3-dimensional dose predictions from a model trained on one modality to a cross-modality automated planning workflow. Additionally, we explore the impact of integrating a multicriteria optimizer (MCO) on adapting predictions to different clinical preferences.

Methods And Materials: Using a previously created 3-stage U-Net in-house model trained on the 2020 American Association of Physicists in Medicine OpenKBP challenge data set (340 head and neck plans, all planned using 9-field static intensity modulated radiation therapy [IMRT]), we retrospectively generated dose predictions for 20 patients.

Individual closed-loop control of micromotors by selective light actuation.

Control of individual micromotors within a group would allow for improved efficiency, greater ability to accomplish complex tasks, higher throughput, and increased adaptability. However, independent control of micromotors remains a significant challenge. Typical actuation techniques, such as chemical and magnetic, are uniform over the workspace and therefore cannot control one micromotor independently of the others.

MCM10: A potential biomarker for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.

Cervical cancer remains a significant health burden worldwide, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention. DNA replication is perturbed in cancer cells, and the minichromosome maintenance protein 10 plays an important role in origin firing. By analyzing the MCM10 mRNA expression in healthy controls, precancerous lesions, and cervical cancer using qRT-PCR, we can infer if it can be considered a biomarker.

A Comprehensive Exploration of the Synergistic Relationship between DMSO and Peroxide in Organic Synthesis.

In the realm of organic synthesis, reagents can serve not only as solvents but also as synthons. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is recognized for its efficiency in this dual capacity, enabling diverse chemical transformations. DMSO can generate various synthons, including methyl, methylene, methine, oxygen, and methyl sulfoxide, broadening the accessible compound repertoire.

Using digital health technologies to optimise antimicrobial use globally.

Digital health technology (DHT) describes tools and devices that generate or process health data. The application of DHTs could improve the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of bacterial infection and the prevention of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). DHTs to optimise antimicrobial use are rapidly being developed.

DFT and Model Hamiltonian Study of Optoelectronic Properties of Some Low-Symmetry Graphene Quantum Dots.

We have studied the electronic and optical properties of three low-symmetry graphene quantum dots (GQDs), with point-group symmetries and . For the calculations of linear optical absorption spectra, we employed both first-principles time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) and the electron-correlated Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) model coupled with the configuration-interaction (CI) approach. In the PPP-CI approach, calculations were performed using both screened and standard parameters, along with efficiently incorporating electron correlation effects using multireference singles-doubles CI for both ground and excited states.

HS-Prdx4 axis mitigates Golgi stress to bolster tumor-reactive T cell immunotherapeutic response.

The role of tumor microenvironment (TME)-associated inadequate protein modification and trafficking due to insufficiency in Golgi function, leading to Golgi stress, in the regulation of T cell function is largely unknown. Here, we show that disruption of Golgi architecture under TME stress, identified by the decreased expression of GM130, was reverted upon treatment with hydrogen sulfide (HS) donor GYY4137 or overexpressing cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of endogenous HS, which also promoted stemness, antioxidant capacity, and increased protein translation, mediated in part by endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi shuttling of Peroxiredoxin-4. In in vivo models of melanoma and lymphoma, antitumor T cells conditioned ex vivo with exogenous HS or overexpressing CBS demonstrated superior tumor control upon adoptive transfer.

Radioresistance and brain metastases: a review of the literature and applied perspective.

Intracranial metastatic disease is a serious complication of cancer, treated through surgery, radiation, and targeted therapies. The central role of radiation therapy makes understanding the radioresistance of metastases a key interest for prognostication and therapeutic development. Although historically defined clinic-radiographically according to tumour response, developments in new techniques for delivering radiation treatment and understanding of radioprotective mechanisms led to a need to revisit the definition of radioresistance in the modern era.

Phytochemicals in Parkinson's Disease: a Pathway to Neuroprotection and Personalized Medicine.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder marked by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. While current treatments primarily manage symptoms, there is increasing interest in alternative approaches, particularly the use of phytochemicals from medicinal plants. These natural compounds have demonstrated promising neuroprotective potential in preclinical studies by targeting key pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and protein aggregation.

Development of rare earth element-based hybrid aluminium composites using stir casting process.

Aerospace and marine industries are constantly in search of materials that can provide good strength and durability while also being lightweight. Aluminium composites with adequate reinforcements have been proven to be effective in achieving incredible mechanical properties while also maintaining a good strength to weight ratio. Numerous studies have been done to study the various possibilities of matrix reinforcement combinations in aluminium composites.

Learning-induced remodelling of inhibitory synapses in the motor cortex.

Robust structural and functional plasticity occurs at excitatory synapses in the motor cortex in response to learning. It is well established that local spinogenesis and the subsequent maintenance of newly formed spines are crucial for motor learning. However, despite local synaptic inhibition being essential for shaping excitatory synaptic input, less is known about the structural rearrangement of inhibitory synapses following learning.

Highly Responsive Polar Vortices in All-Ferroelectric Heterostructures.

The discovery of polar vortices and skyrmions in ferroelectric-dielectric superlattices [such as (PbTiO)/(SrTiO)] has ushered in an era of novel dipolar topologies and corresponding emergent phenomena. The key to creating such emergent features has generally been considered to be related to counterpoising strongly polar and non-polar materials thus creating the appropriate boundary conditions. This limits the utility these materials can have, however, by rendering (effectively) half of the structure unresponsive to applied stimuli.

Investigating Microbial Diversity in the Endosphere and Rhizoplane of Three Aromatic Rice Landraces: Implications for Biological Nitrogen Fixation.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurring in the rhizosphere is a sustainable source of nitrogen for plants. BNF in cereal crops can be promoted by inoculation of a single or consortium of associative and endophytic diazotrophs. Creating a successful nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer necessitates the study of the core microbiome of the plant rhizosphere and the functional relationship of the members.

Specialized post-arterial capillaries facilitate adult bone remodelling.

The vasculature of the skeletal system is crucial for bone formation, homoeostasis and fracture repair, yet the diversity and specialization of bone-associated vessels remain poorly understood. Here we identify a specialized type of post-arterial capillary, termed type R, involved in bone remodelling. Type R capillaries emerge during adolescence around trabecular bone, possess a distinct morphology and molecular profile, and are associated with osteoprogenitors and bone-resorbing osteoclasts.

Astrocyte transcriptomic changes along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Astrocytes are crucial to brain homeostasis, yet their changes along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology remain unexplored. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of 628,943 astrocytes from five brain regions representing the stereotypical progression of AD pathology across 32 donors spanning the entire normal aging to severe AD continuum. We mapped out several unique astrocyte subclusters that exhibited varying responses to neuropathology across the AD-vulnerable neural network (spatial axis) or AD pathology stage (temporal axis).

Magnetic resonance imaging techniques for monitoring glioma response to chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: Treatment response assessment for gliomas currently uses changes in tumour size as measured with T- and T-weighted MRI. However, changes in tumour size may occur many weeks after therapy completion and are confounded by radiation treatment effects. Advanced MRI techniques sensitive to tumour physiology may provide complementary information to evaluate tumour response at early timepoints during therapy.

Magnetic Nanoparticle Aggregation and Complete De-encapsulation of Such Aggregates from a Liquid Drop Interior.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively used for drug delivery, on-demand material deposition, etc. In this study, we demonstrate the capability to extract such MNPs on-demand from a magnetic nanoparticle-laden drop (MNLD) (i.e.

Beyond Hemostasis: Understanding the Risks of Bone Wax in Orthopedic Surgery - A Case Report.

Introduction: Osseous hemorrhage following a surgical incision or traumatic fracture can be a challenging issue to manage. During orthopedic surgeries, bone wax is frequently utilized as a surgical technique to enhance hemostasis and reduce bleeding from bone. The hemostatic effect of bone wax mostly stems from its physical characteristics.

Multi-centre modified Delphi exercise to identify candidate items for classifying early-stage symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: To generate a list of candidate items potentially useful for discriminating individuals with Early-stage Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis (EsSKOA) from those with other conditions and from established osteoarthritis (OA), and to reduce this list based on expert consensus.

Design: We conducted a three-round online international modified Delphi exercise with OA clinicians and researchers ("OA experts"). In Round 1, participants reviewed 84 candidate items and nominated additional item(s) potentially useful for EsSKOA classification; those nominated by ≥3 participants were added.

Epigenetic DNA Methylation and Protein Homocysteinylation: Key Players in Hypertensive Renovascular Damage.

Hypertension has been a threat to the health of people, the mechanism of which, however, remains poorly understood. It is clinically related to loss of nephron function, glomerular sclerosis, or necrosis, resulting in renal functional declines. The mechanisms underlying hypertension's development and progression to organ damage, including hypertensive renal damage, remain to be fully elucidated.