Measuring socio-economic inequalities in edentate Scottish adults--cross-sectional analyses using Scottish Health Surveys 1995-2008/09.

Objectives: To investigate the appropriateness of different measures of socio-economic inequalities, in relation to adult oral health in Scotland, utilizing data from a series of large, representative population surveys.

Methods: The Scottish Health Surveys (SHeS) (1995; 1998; 2003; 2008/09) are cross-sectional national population-based surveys used to monitor health status in those living in private households. The age groups included in this study are as follows: 45-54; 55-64 years: all survey years; 65-74: 1998 onwards; 75+: 2003 onwards.

An in vitro comparison of four intra-oral ceramic repair systems.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of different surface conditioning methods on the tensile bond strength (TBS) and integrity of the leucite-reinforced glass ceramic (Cerana(®) inserts)-resin composite interface, using four commercially available ceramic repair systems.

Methods: Two hundred extra-large Cerana(®) inserts were mechanically treated and stored in artificial saliva for 3 weeks and subsequently randomly assigned to one of the following ceramic repair systems (n=40/group): Group 1, Ceramic Repair(®) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein); Group 2, Cimara(®) (Voco, Germany); Group 3, Clearfil Repair(®) (Kuraray, Japan); Group 4, CoJet system(®) (3M ESPE, Germany); and Group 5, no surface conditioning and no adhesive system applied: the control group. Subsequently, resin composite material was added to the substrate surfaces and the ceramic-resin composite specimens were subjected to TBS testing.

A comparative in vitro study of two denture cleaning techniques as an effective strategy for inhibiting Candida albicans biofilms on denture surfaces and reducing inflammation.

Purpose:  Candida albicans is the predominant oral yeast associated with denture-induced stomatitis, and with an increasing population of denture wearers its incidence is increasing. Maintaining good oral and denture hygiene, through chemical and/or mechanical intervention, is essential to reducing this disease. The aim of this study, using a robust adherent C.

Improving mechanical properties of maxillary complete dentures through a bioinspired engineering design.

Purpose: This study investigated how ribbed design features, including palatal rugae, may be used to significantly improve the structural performance of a maxillary denture under load.

Materials And Methods: A computer-aided design model of a generic maxillary denture, incorporating various rib features, was created and imported into a finite element analysis program. The denture and ribbed features were assigned the material properties of standard denture acrylic resin, and load was applied in two different ways: the first simulating a three-point flexural bend of the posterior section and the second simulating loading of the entire palatal region.

The effect of surface conditioning on the bond strength of resin composite to amalgam.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of different surface conditioning methods on the tensile bond strength (TBS) and integrity of the amalgam-resin composite interface, using commercially available restoration repair systems.

Methods: One hundred and sixty Gamma 2 amalgam specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 2 weeks and then randomly assigned to one of the following conditioning groups (n=20/group): Group 1: air abrasion, alloy primer and 'Panavia 21', Group 2: air abrasion and 'Amalgambond Plus', Group 3: air abrasion and 'All-Bond 3', Group 4: diamond bur, alloy primer and 'Panavia 21', Group 5: diamond bur and 'Amalgambond Plus', Group 6: diamond bur and 'All-Bond 3', Group 7: silica coating technique, and Group 8: non-conditioned amalgam surfaces (control group). Subsequently, resin composite material was added to the substrate surfaces and the amalgam-resin composite specimens were subjected to TBS testing.

Defective dental restorations: to repair or not to repair? Part 2: All-ceramics and porcelain fused to metal systems.

Unlabelled: With the increasing use of ceramics in restorative dentistry, and trends to extend restoration longevity through the use of minimal interventive techniques, dental practitioners should be familiar with the factors that may influence the decision either to repair or replace fractured metal-ceramic and all-ceramic restorations and, also, the materials and techniques available to repair these restorations. This second of two papers addresses the possible modes of failure of ceramic restorations and outlines indications and techniques in this developing aspect of restoration repair in clinical practice.

Clinical Relevance: The repair of metal-ceramic and all-ceramic restorations is a reliable low-cost, low-risk technique that may be of value for the management of loss or fracture of porcelain from a crown or bridge in clinical practice.

Defective dental restorations: to repair or not to repair? Part 1: direct composite restorations.

Unlabelled: The presentation of patients with failing dental restorations that exhibit minor defects is a common clinical situation in everyday dental practice. The repair of such restorations, rather than replacement, is increasingly considered to be a viable alternative to the replacement of the defective restoration. This first of two papers considers indications and techniques for the repair of defective direct composite restorations.

Energy absorption and hardness of chair-side denture soft lining materials.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hardness and energy absorption properties of four commercially available chairside silicone denture soft lining materials and to compare their properties with those of a heat-polymerized silicone denture liner. The denture lining materials investigated were four auto-polymerising silicone soft liners (GC Reline Soft, Ufigel SC, Elite Soft Relining and Tokuyama Sofreliner S) and a heat-polymerised silicone liner (Molloplast B). The soft liners were processed according to manufacturers' instructions.

Two- and three-dimensional accuracy of dental impression materials: effects of storage time and moisture contamination.

Dental impression materials are used to create an inverse replica of the dental hard and soft tissues, and are used in processes such as the fabrication of crowns and bridges. The accuracy and dimensional stability of impression materials are of paramount importance to the accuracy of fit of the resultant prosthesis. Conventional methods for assessing the dimensional stability of impression materials are two-dimensional (2D), and assess shrinkage or expansion between selected fixed points on the impression.

The prevalence of dental, facial and head injuries sustained by schoolboy rugby players. A pilot study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental, orofacial and head injuries and of mouthguard use among schoolboy rugby players.

Materials And Methods: All members of the first and second XV rugby squads at three secondary schools (two in England and one in Australia) were included in the study. All participants answered a questionnaire that sought information regarding dental, orofacial and head injuries.

The opinions of manufacturers of resin-based composite materials towards the repair of failing composite restorations.

Aim: To investigate the opinions of manufacturers of resin-based composite (RBC) towards the repair of their materials.

Methods: Representatives of 20 manufacturers of RBC were electronically mailed a questionnaire seeking information on aspects of the repair of direct composite restorations.

Results: The response rate was 100%.

A pilot study of the prevalence of orofacial and head injuries in schoolboy cricketers at eight private schools in England and Australia.

Aims: The aims of this pilot study were to determine the prevalence of head, face and dental injuries sustained by schoolboys while playing cricket and to compare the prevalence of those injuries in England and Australia.

Methods: A questionnaire that determined distribution and prevalence of orofacial injuries sustained when playing cricket was distributed to all players (n=411) who played cricket in four private schools in England and four private schools in Australia. There was a 100% response rate.

The prevalence of orofacial pain and tooth fracture (odontocrexis) associated with SCUBA diving.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of orofacial complications associated with SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) diving. Main outcome measures were prevalence of orofacial pain and odontocrexis.

Method: Two hundred divers at four dive centres on the north-east coast of Australia were asked to complete a questionnaire that requested information regarding diving experience and facial pain and dental symptoms experienced during diving.

Differential adhesion of Streptococcus gordonii to anatase and rutile titanium dioxide surfaces with and without functionalization with chlorhexidine.

The majority of dental implants are composed primarily of titanium and have an outer layer of titanium dioxide. Crystalline titanium dioxide most commonly exists in one of the two structures, anatase and rutile, and both of these have been observed on commercially available dental implants. Early implant failure can be associated with postoperative infection due to implant contamination during or immediately after surgery.

Denture cleansers, soft lining materials and water temperature: what is the effect?

Aim: To investigate the effect of water temperature, in association with four denture cleansers, on the colour and surface roughness of five soft lining materials.

Method: Two silicone soft lining materials (Molloplast B and Sofreliner) represented the heat-cured, laboratory-based and chairside materials that are available. The wide range of chairside, acrylic resin-based, temporary soft lining materials was represented by Coe-Soft, Viscogel and Eversoft.

The staggered installation of dental implants and its effect on bone stresses.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of offsetting the middle or peripheral implant on the compressive stress values in the crestal bone around the neck of the dental implant.

Materials And Methods: Three finite element models describing three titanium implants installed in quadrilateral pieces of bone was executed. A 2-mm nickel chromium superstructure representing a bridge was modeled over the implant abutments.

The effects of polishing methods on surface morphology, roughness and bacterial colonisation of titanium abutments.

Bacterial colonisation of exposed implant and abutment surfaces can lead to peri-implantitis, a common cause of oral implant failure. When an abutment becomes exposed in the oral environment the typical recommendation is to debride it, to obtain a smoother surface which might be expected to reduce bacterial colonisation. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, a conventional polishing protocol (PP1) and a simplified polishing protocol (PP2), suggested to have advantages over PP1.

The introduction of a new assessment system in restorative dentistry: the undergraduate and patient experience.

In 2000, the University of Bristol Dental School Division of Restorative Dentistry carried out a review of the assessment methods used within the undergraduate programme. Following this review, a number of key recommendations were made and the system of formative assessment within the division was changed. Audits were conducted immediately prior to the introduction of the new system and 2 years after it had been introduced, the results of these audits are presented.

Osteomyelitis and pathological mandibular fracture related to a late implant failure: a clinical report.

This clinical report describes an unusual consequence of peri-implantitis and subsequent implant failure in a 72-year-old man. Following uneventful implant removal, osteomyelitis developed at the implant site, which subsequently weakened the mandible sufficiently for a pathological fracture to occur. The patient was treated successfully by use of an intensive oral hygiene regime, antibiotics, and conservative management.

A comparison of two methods of enhancing implant primary stability.

Background: Surgical technique and implant design have an effect on the primary stability of oral implants, which in turn increases resistance to implant micromotion during healing.

Purpose: This study was designed to compare the parameters associated with implant insertion using two different methods of enhancing implant primary stability and to identify any relationship between these parameters and changes in the stability of implants during the initial 6-month healing period following implant insertion. A comparison was made between two methods of enhancing primary implant stability: method 1, standard Brånemark System implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) inserted with a technique designed to enhance primary stability, and method 2: Brånemark Mk IV implants (Nobel Biocare AB) inserted according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Comparison of wear and clinical performance between amalgam, composite and open sandwich restorations: 2-year results.

There has been some disquiet over the use of mercury containing restorative materials. The most commonly used alternative is composite resin but this has the potential disadvantage associated with wear and marginal leakage, which in turn, has proven to result in secondary caries and sensitivity. To overcome the shortcomings of a directly placed composite restoration, the glass-ionomer/composite open sandwich technique was introduced followed by the subsequent introduction of compomer systems.

The effectiveness of seven denture cleansers on tea stain removal from PMMA acrylic resin.

Purpose: In this study, seven denture cleansers were evaluated for their mode of action of tea stain removal from Perspex acrylic resin material.

Materials And Methods: Perspex acrylic resin specimens were stained using a combination of chlorhexidine and tea solution. The specimens were also treated with saliva to form an initial pellicle layer and facilitate the uptake of the stain.

Some variables influencing the bond strength between PMMA and a silicone denture lining material.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of roughening the denture base surface on the tensile and shear bond strengths of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) resilient lining material (Molloplast-B) bonded to a heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material. These measured bond strengths were compared to those obtained by packing the soft lining material against poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base acrylic resin dough.

Materials And Methods: Three groups of 10 specimens each were constructed for both tensile and shear tests.