Trends in Epidemiology and Treatment of Humerus Fractures in the United States, 2017-2022.

Background Fractures of the humerus are one of the more common fractures in the United States and a cause of fragility fractures in the elderly population. This study aims to understand recent trends in the demographic factors correlated with humeral shaft fractures (HSF) and humeral shaft fracture nonunion (HSFN) following open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and intramedullary nailing (IMN). Methods The TriNetX database was used to query using International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD10) diagnosis codes for patients who sustained HSF between 2017 and 2022.

Little League Shoulder and Subsequent Proximal Humeral Fracture in the Setting of Human Growth Hormone Use: A Case Report.

Case: A 16-year-old right-hand dominant male baseball player presented with little league shoulder in the setting of recombinant growth hormone utilization for growth hormone deficiency. After a prolonged treatment course, including physical therapy and throwing programs, the patient returned to baseball but suffered an ipsilateral proximal humerus fracture around the growth plate.

Conclusion: The occurrence of such an injury in the context of human growth hormone treatment merits consideration in youth athletes undergoing similar treatment regimens.

Analysis of Orthopaedic In-Training Examination Trauma Questions: 2017 to 2021.

Introduction: The Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) is a multiple-choice examination developed by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annually since 1963 to assess orthopaedic residents' knowledge. This study's purpose is to analyze the 2017 to 2021 OITE trauma questions to aid orthopaedic residents preparing for the examination.

Methods: The 2017 to 2021 OITEs on American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons' ResStudy were retrospectively reviewed to identify trauma questions.

Biomechanical Evaluation of Suture Tape Internal Brace Reinforcement of Soft Tissue Allografts for ACL Reconstruction Using a Porcine Model.

Background: Internal bracing of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery is a newer concept gaining popularity.

Purpose/hypothesis: To assess the biomechanical performance of soft tissue ACL reconstruction allografts reinforced with suture tape. It was hypothesized that load to failure would increase and cyclic displacement would decrease at time zero in the constructs reinforced with internal brace suture tape compared with those without suture tape augmentation.

Demographics and surgery-related complications lead to 30-day readmission rates among knee arthroscopic procedures.

Purpose: The study objectives were (1) to evaluate risk factors related to 30-day hospital readmissions after arthroscopic knee surgeries and (2) to determine the complications that may arise from surgery.

Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database data from 2012 to 2017 were researched. Patients were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes for knee arthroscopic procedures.

Interval Kicking Program for the Punting and Place-Kicking Athlete: A Systematic Literature Review and Need Analysis.

Interval programs have been developed for multiple sports, allowing athletes to return to sport-specific activity in a graded fashion, minimizing the risk of reinjury. However, there currently exists a gap in the literature surrounding the use of interval programs for the rehabilitation of punting and place-kicking athletes. We aim to perform a systematic review of the literature examining the use of interval kicking programs to aid punting and place-kicking athletes following a lower-extremity injury.

N95 respirator and surgical mask effectiveness against respiratory viral illnesses in the healthcare setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To examine the results, level of evidence, and methodologic quality of original studies regarding surgical mask effectiveness in minimizing viral respiratory illness transmission, and, in particular, the performance of the N95 respirator versus surgical mask.

Methods: Meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with use of PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library databases.

Results: Eight studies (9164 participants) were included after screening 153 articles.

Bicompartmental Bucket Handle Meniscal Tear with Chronic ACL Deficiency Causing a Rare Triple PCL and Triple Cruciate Sign: A Case Report.

Case: A 16-year-old football player presented with chronic ACL deficiency along with bicompartmental bucket handle meniscal tears.

Conclusion: We present a "triple cruciate" sign in addition to the triple posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) sign seen on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to aid in diagnosing this injury.

Predictors of Performance on the Arthrobox Arthroscopy Simulator for Medical Students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of past participation in athletics, the playing of musical instruments and video games and other variables on medical students' performance on an arthroscopic simulator task as well as other assessments of visuospatial ability.

Methods: We assessed 50 medical students by using previously validated tests of manual dexterity and spatial reasoning as well as performance on an arthroscopic surgical simulator. Inclusion criteria were to be 18 years of age or older and to be a student studying in the M.

Medically Necessary Orthopaedic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Safe Surgical Practices and a Classification to Guide Treatment.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved as a viral pandemic. Countries worldwide have been affected by the recent outbreak caused by the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-CoV-2 virus. As with prior viral pandemics, health-care workers are at increased risk.

Innate Arthroscopic & Laparoscopic Surgical Skills: A Systematic Review of Predictive Performance Indicators Within Novice Surgical Trainees.

Objective: To query the literature for predictive factors for performance on arthroscopic and laparoscopic surgical simulators in novice surgical trainees. These predictive factors may prove a valuable tool in identifying certain innate potential to becoming a future skilled surgeon that could benefit both surgical residency candidates and program directors alike, while also improving patient care.

Design: Systematic Review.

Arthroscopic Single-Row Superior Capsular Reconstruction for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears.

Massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears are challenging to manage. Often, these tears are not amenable to primary repair and necessitate additional treatment options. This is especially true in patients with absent glenohumeral arthritis in the setting of a massive, irreparable rotator cuff tear.

Elbow Dislocation.

This article is a brief overview of the elbow dislocations focusing on updates in treatment and rehabilitation protocols. The fight between obtaining elbow stability without leading to long-term elbow stiffness has been a continued focus in field of sports medicine. This article highlights advances made to help treat the injuries appropriately and obtain optimal patient outcomes.

Regional Interdependence and the Role of the Lower Body in Elbow Injury in Baseball Players: A Systematic Review.

Background: Elbow injuries are exceedingly common in baseball players. Previous studies have identified that upper extremity strength and range of motion deficits pose a risk for these injuries, but few studies have examined the effect of lower extremity deficits. Given the role of the lower extremity in the kinetic chain of the baseball throwing motion, lower body deficits may affect the kinematics of the upper extremity and play a role in the elbow injury of baseball players.

Trends in Utilization of Image Guidance for Hip Joint Injections.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate trends in utilization of image guidance for intraarticular hip injections and to compare the cost efficiency of ultrasound-, fluoroscopic-, and landmark-guided injections in the management of hip osteoarthritis (OA) and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Design: Retrospective descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting: The information was collected from Humana private payer insurance claims database encompassing all practice settings.

Injury Surveillance in Major League Soccer: A 4-Year Comparison of Injury on Natural Grass Versus Artificial Turf Field.

Background: Artificial playing surfaces are becoming more common due to decreased cost of maintenance and increased field usability across different environmental conditions. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) has approved newer generation artificial turf for soccer competition at the elite level, but many elite-level athletes prefer to play on natural grass surfaces due to a perceived increase in injury rate, discomfort, and fatigability on artificial turf.

Hypothesis: Injury rates and rates of individually categorized types of injury experienced on artificial turf are noninferior to rates of injury on the standard comparator, natural grass, in elite-level Major League Soccer athletes.

Knee Injuries in Elite Level Soccer Players.

As one of the most popular sports in the world, soccer injury rates involving the knee continue to rise. An alarming trend of knee injuries, including increased anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, underscores the need to review our current understanding of these injuries in soccer players. This article includes a critical review of the epidemiology of knee injuries in soccer, anterior cruciate ligament and other ligamentous injuries, cartilage and meniscal injury, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, as well as current prevention initiatives.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Can Be Used to Successfully Treat Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Insufficiency in High-Level Throwers.

We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections on partial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears in high-level throwing athletes. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 44 baseball players (6 professional, 14 college, 24 high school) treated with PRP injections for partial-thickness UCL tears. All tears were diagnosed by physical examination and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Impact of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear on Posteromedial Elbow Biomechanics.

Ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency has been shown to result in changes in contact pressure and contact area in the posteromedial elbow. This study used new digital technology to assess the effect of a complete ulnar collateral ligament tear on ulnohumeral contact area, contact pressure, and valgus laxity throughout the throwing motion. Nine elbow cadaveric specimens were tested at 90° and 30° of elbow flexion to simulate the late cocking/early acceleration and deceleration phases of throwing, respectively.

Midfoot sprains in the National Football League.

Midfoot sprains in the National Football League (NFL) are uncommon. There are few studies on midfoot sprains in professional athletes, as most studies focus on severe traumatic injuries resulting in Lisfranc fracture-dislocations. We conducted a study to evaluate midfoot sprains in NFL players to allow for better identification and management of these injuries.

Effect of distal ulnar collateral ligament tear pattern on contact forces and valgus stability in the posteromedial compartment of the elbow.

Background: It is not known whether the pattern of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tear affects elbow biomechanics.

Hypothesis: There will be a significant change in elbow biomechanics with 50% proximal but not 50% distal simulated rupture of the UCL.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.