Probiotic biomarkers and models upside down: From humans to animals.

Probiotics development for animal farming implies thorough testing of a vast variety of properties, including adhesion, toxicity, host cells signaling modulation, and immune effects. Being diverse, these properties are often tested individually and using separate biological models, with great emphasis on the host organism. Although being precise, this approach is cost-ineffective, limits the probiotics screening throughput and lacks informativeness due to the 'one model - one test - one property' principle.

Novel molecular hybrids of indoline spiropyrans and α-lipoic acid as potential photopharmacological agents: Synthesis, structure, photochromic and biological properties.

Organic photochromic compounds are attracting great interest as photoswitchable components of various bioconjugates for using in photopharmacology, targeted drug delivery and bio-imaging. Here we report on the synthesis of two novel molecular hybrids of indoline spiropyrans and alpha-lipoic acid via an esterification reaction. Preliminary photochemical studies revealed photochromic activity of 5-methoxy-substituted spirocompounds in their acetonitrile solutions.