Large artery stiffness predicts ischemic threshold in patients with coronary artery disease.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine whether large artery stiffness contributes to exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Background: Large artery stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality and a major determinant of pulse pressure and, thus, cardiac afterload and coronary perfusion. Clinical relevance of the hemodynamic consequences of large artery stiffening has not previously been demonstrated in relation to myocardial ischemia.

Conservative management of minimally displaced radial fractures in three horses.

Minimally displaced, spiral, radial fractures were diagnosed in three adult horses. Two horses had open fractures and in one horse the fracture was closed. A diagnosis was made on radiographs taken 24 h, 5, and 9 days after the fracture.

Recombinant equine growth hormone does not affect the in vitro biomechanical properties of equine superficial digital flexor tendon.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of recombinant equine growth hormone (rEGH) on the in vitro biomechanical properties of normal adult equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT).

Study Design: Completely randomized design.

Sample Population: Nine Standardbred horses, 6 to 9 years of age with ultrasonographically normal forelimb SDFT.

The effect of recombinant equine growth hormone on the biomechanical properties of healing superficial digital flexor tendons in horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of recombinant equine growth hormone (rEGH) on the in vitro biomechanical properties of healing superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in horses.

Study Design: Completely randomized design.

Sample Population: Twelve Standardbred horses, 3 to 7 years of age, with ultrasonographically normal forelimb SDFT.

The effect of equine recombinant growth hormone on second intention wound healing in horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of intramuscular administration of recombinant equine growth hormone on healing of full thickness skin wounds on equine limbs.

Study Design: Experimental.

Animals: Nine Standardbred horses.

Effects of 25% propylene glycol hydrogel (Solugel) on second intention wound healing in horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a commercially available 25% propylene glycol hydrogel preparation (Solugel; Johnson and Johnson Medical, North Ryde, Australia) on healing of full-thickness skin wounds on the distal aspect of the limb in horses.

Study Design: Experimental.

Animals: Eight Standardbred horses.

Association between past infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and body mass index, low-density lipoprotein particle size and fasting insulin.

Background: Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been linked to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD), but its relationship to CHD risk factors is less clear.

Objective: To determine the relationship between past infection with C. pneumoniae and risk factors for CHD, including body weight amongst subjects with and without CHD.

Determinants of coronary artery compliance in subjects with and without angiographic coronary artery disease.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine factors contributing to the biomechanical properties of coronary arteries in people with and without angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD).

Background: The stiffness of the aorta is known to increase with increasing age and in the presence of CAD. However, little is known about the mechanics of coronary arteries, which may have important clinical consequences.

Predictive values, sensitivity and specificity of abdominal fluid variables in determining the need for surgery in horses with an acute abdominal crisis.

Objective: To determine the predictive values, sensitivity and specificity of abdominal fluid variables associated with the need for surgery in horses with an acute abdominal crisis.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Two-hundred and thirty-six horses examined for signs of abdominal pain between January 1993 and June 1999.

Large artery stiffness: structural and genetic aspects.

1. Large artery stiffness is a principal determinant of pulse pressure and both are related to cardiovascular mortality independently of other major risk factors. A clearer understanding of the structural and genetic processes that contribute to large artery properties may provide novel approaches to therapy.

Intensive cholesterol reduction lowers blood pressure and large artery stiffness in isolated systolic hypertension.

Objectives: We sought to investigate the effects of intensive cholesterol reduction on large artery stiffness and blood pressure in normolipidemic patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH).

Background: Isolated systolic hypertension is associated with elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is primarily due to large artery stiffening, which has been independently related to cardiovascular mortality. Cholesterol-lowering therapy has been efficacious in reducing arterial stiffness in patients with hypercholesterolemia, and thus may be beneficial in ISH.

Fibrillin-1 genotype is associated with aortic stiffness and disease severity in patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Elevated pulse pressure is associated strongly with adverse cardiovascular outcome; however, the genetic basis of this condition is unknown. This study examined whether genotypic variation in the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1, the Marfan gene, was associated with aortic stiffening and therefore could contribute to cardiovascular risk associated with pulse pressure elevation in coronary disease.

Methods And Results: Patients (n=145; 113 men), 62+/-9 years of age (mean+/-SD), with angiographically confirmed coronary disease, were studied.

Surgical correction of carpal valgus deformity in three alpacas.

Two alpaca crias and one 14-month-old alpaca were referred for treatment of bilateral carpal valgus. In one cria, hemi-circumferential periosteal transection and elevation combined with an ulna osteotomy was performed initially without success, however transphyseal bridging with screws and wires was used successfully in both crias to straighten the limbs. As the distal radial and ulna growth plates had closed in the 14-month-old alpaca, bilateral wedge ostectomies of the distal radius and transfixation casts were used to straighten and stabilise the limbs.

Women exhibit a greater age-related increase in proximal aortic stiffness than men.

Background: Large artery mechanical properties are a major determinant of pulse pressure and cardiovascular outcome. Sex differences in these properties may underlie the variation in cardiovascular risk profile between men and women, in relation to age.

Objective: To investigate sex differences in the age-related stiffening of large arteries.

Gender differences in the timing of arterial wave reflection beyond differences in body height.

Objectives: The timing of arterial wave reflection affects the shape of the arterial waveform and thus is a major determinant of pulse pressure. This study assessed differences in wave reflection between genders beyond the effect of body height.

Methods: From 1123 elderly (aged 71 +/- 5 years) currently untreated hypertensives, we selected 104 pairs of men and women with identical body height (average 164 +/- 4 cm).

Low-dose estrogen supplementation improves vascular function in hypogonadal men.

It is widely accepted that in women, estrogens provide protection against the development of cardiovascular disease. However, the cardiovascular role of estrogens in men remains uncertain, despite preliminary evidence that endogenous estrogens produced by aromatization of androgenic precursors are of physiological importance. Hypogonadal men have very low levels of circulating estrogen.

The effect of three different doses of sodium pentosan polysulphate on haematological and haemostatic variables in adult horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of three different doses of sodium pentosan polysulphate (PPS) on haematological and haemostatic variables in adult horses.

Design: Eight adult standardbred horses were used. All horses received a single injection of 0, 3, 6, and 10 mg/kg of PPS at the beginning of each treatment week for 4 weeks so that by the end of the study all horses had received all four doses of PPS.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Structures of Diethylnitrosamine Metalloporphyrin Complexes of Iron, Ruthenium, and Osmium.

Diethylnitrosamine reacts with [(TPP)Fe(THF)(2)]ClO(4) (TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato dianion) in toluene to generate the bis-nitrosamine complex, [(TPP)Fe(Et(2)NNO)(2)]ClO(4), in 96% isolated yield. The related [(TTP)Fe(Et(2)NNO)(2)]SbF(6) (TTP = 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-tolylporphyrinato dianion) complex is prepared in 70% isolated yield via a similar reaction in CH(2)Cl(2). Reaction of [(TPP)Fe(Et(2)NNO)(2)]ClO(4) in CH(2)Cl(2) with NO gas results in the displacement of one of the Et(2)NNO ligands to give the air-sensitive and thermally sensitive [(TPP)Fe(NO)(Et(2)NNO)]ClO(4) derivative.

Carotid pressure is a better predictor of coronary artery disease severity than brachial pressure.

The mechanisms relating pulse pressure to cardiovascular outcome may include surrogacy for coronary disease severity. Although pulse pressure is typically measured at the brachial artery, central pulse pressure and its principal determinant, large-artery stiffness, may relate more closely to disease severity. This study aimed to determine the relationships between large-artery stiffness and carotid and brachial blood pressures and coronary artery disease severity.

Peritonitis associated with Actinobacillus equuli in horses: 51 cases.

Objective: To review the clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of 51 horses with peritonitis attributed to Actinobacillus equuli.

Design: Retrospective study of clinical cases.

Methods: Breed, age and gender of horse, history, physical examination findings, treatment and outcome were determined from the hospital records of 51 horses in which a diagnosis of peritonitis attributed to A.

Aerobic exercise training does not modify large-artery compliance in isolated systolic hypertension.

The present study characterized large-artery properties in patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and determined the efficacy of exercise training in modifying these properties. Twenty patients (10 male and 10 female) with stage I ISH and 20 age- and gender-matched control subjects were recruited, and large-artery properties were assessed noninvasively. Ten ISH patients (5 male and 5 female) were enrolled in a randomized crossover study comparing 8 weeks of moderate intensity cycling with 8 weeks of sedentary activity.

Use of quantitative analysis of sonographic brightness for detection of early healing of tendon injury in horses.

Objectives: To determine whether quantitative analysis of sonographic brightness could be used to detect healing of an induced injury of the superficial digital flexor tendon in horses and whether rate of healing was influenced by equine recombinant growth hormone.

Animals: 8 clinically normal Standardbreds.

Procedures: A localized injury was created in the left and right superficial digital flexor tendons of each horse by injection of 2,000 units of collagenase.