Systemic and Nodular Hyperinflammation in a Patient with Refractory Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis 2.

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome resulting from defective cytotoxicity. A previously healthy 3-month-old female presented with fever, irritability, abdominal distention, and tachypnea. She ultimately met all eight HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria, accompanied by elevated CXCL9.

Acetabular Coverage Decreases at the End of Skeletal Growth: A 3DCT Study of Healthy Hips.

Background: Abnormalities in size and position of the acetabulum have been linked to both developmental dysplasia of the hip and femoroacetabular impingement. Owing to its 3-dimensional (3D) complexity, plain radiography and cross-sectional studies [computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging] have limitations in their ability to capture the complexity of the acetabular 3D anatomy. The goal of the study was to use 3D computed tomography reconstructions to identify the acetabular lunate cartilage and measure its size at varying ages of development and between sexes.

Low-Cost, Three-Dimensionally-Printed, Anatomical Models for Optimization of Orbital Wall Reconstruction.

Background: Orbital blowout fracture reconstruction often requires an implant, which must be shaped at the time of surgical intervention. This process is time-consuming and requires multiple placement trials, possibly risking complications. Three-dimensional printing technology has enabled health care facilities to generate custom anatomical models to which implants can be molded to precisely match orbital anatomy.

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Congenital and Infantile Hemangiomas: Preliminary Results From a Case Series.

The contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging features of hepatic vascular tumors in infants, including infantile hemangioma (IH) and congenital hemangioma (CH), are not well reported. Frequent inaccurate use of lesion terminology in the literature has created diagnostic confusion. The purpose of this study is to describe the CEUS features of IH and CH.

Pediatric Atypical Mycobacterium Infection Presenting as Wheezing and Concern for Foreign Body Aspiration.

Atypical mycobacterium infection most commonly presents as asymptomatic cervical lymphadenitis in immunocompetent children. Over the last several decades, rates of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection have been increasing in both number and severity, with more cases of pulmonary infection reported in healthy children. However, guidelines on how to treat children with these infections remain unclear.

Steady-state MRA techniques with a blood pool contrast agent improve visualization of pulmonary venous anatomy and left atrial patency compared with time-resolved MRA pre- and postcatheter ablation in atrial fibrillation.

Purpose: To compare steady-state magnetic resonance angiography (SS-MRA), using a blood pool contrast agent, with the established technique of time-resolved MRA (TR-MRA), in pulmonary vein mapping and left atrial patency.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one patients (12 males, age 58.3 ± 8.

Complex 3D blood flow pathways in two cases of aorta to right heart fistulae: a 4D flow MRI study.

We present an analysis of 3D blood flow in two cases of Sinus of Valsalva to right heart fistulae based on 4D flow MRI. Despite similar underlying pathology, 3D visualization revealed intricate differences in flow patterns connecting the systemic and pulmonary circulation. The cases illustrates the potential of 4D flow MRI to complement the evaluation of complex structural heart disease by assessing complex flow dynamics and providing quantitative information of flow ratios and flow rates.