A worldwide perspective on large carnivore attacks on humans.

Large carnivores have long fascinated human societies and have profound influences on ecosystems. However, their conservation represents one of the greatest challenges of our time, particularly where attacks on humans occur. Where human recreational and/or livelihood activities overlap with large carnivore ranges, conflicts can become particularly serious.

Economic impact of spectral body imaging in diagnosis of patients suspected for occult cancer.

Background: Based on prior studies spectral CT has shown a higher sensitivity for malignant lesions than conventional CT at the cost of lower specificity. For the radiologists, it also offers a higher degree of certainty in the diagnosis of benign lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of spectral CT in patients suspected of occult cancer in a medical center in Denmark.

Lung-RADS Version 1.0 versus Lung-RADS Version 1.1: Comparison of Categories Using Nodules from the National Lung Screening Trial.

Background The American College of Radiology updated Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) version 1.0 to version 1.1 in May 2019, with the two key changes involving perifissural nodules (PFNs) and ground-glass nodules (GGNs) now designated as a negative screening result.

Effect of seizure timing on long-term survival in patients with brain tumor.

Objective: Seizures often occur in patients with primary brain tumor (BT). The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between the time of occurrence of seizures during the course of BT and survival of these patients.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study at Henry Ford Hospital, an urban tertiary referral center, included all patients who were diagnosed with primary BTs at Henry Ford Health System between January 2006 and December 2014.

Palatal myoclonus secondary to neurosarcoidosis.

Palatal myoclonus can be primary or secondary. In primary palatal myoclonus, no obvious structural brain lesions can be found within the triangle of Guillain and Mollaret. Common causes of secondary myoclonus include stroke, demyelination, infections, trauma, and neurodegeneration.

Follow-up Recommendation Rates Associated With Spectral Detector Dual-Energy CT of the Abdomen and Pelvis: A Retrospective Comparison to Single-Energy CT.

Background: Dual-energy CT image sets have many applications in abdominopelvic imaging but no demonstrated clinical effect.

Purpose: To determine the effect of dual-energy CT iodine maps on abdominopelvic imaging follow-up recommendation rates.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of abdominopelvic CTs acquired from April 2017 through June 2018.

Functionality of Mozzarella cheese analogues prepared using varying protein sources as influenced by refrigerated storage.

The functional properties (shredability, meltability, fat leakage, stretchability) of Mozzarella Cheese Analogue (MCA) prepared using acid casein (ACMCA), rennet casein (RCMCA) and their admixture (ARCMCA) were monitored with those of Natural Mozzarella Cheese (NMC) during refrigerated storage. The shredability of analogues was superior over such attribute of NMC. The MCAs had good shredability up to 28 days, while that of NMC started deteriorating from 21 days onwards.

Vancouver Risk Calculator Compared with ACR Lung-RADS in Predicting Malignancy: Analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial.

Purpose To compare the Vancouver risk calculator (VRC) with American College of Radiology (ACR) Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) in predicting the risk of malignancy in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). Materials and Methods A total of 2813 patients with 4408 nodules (4078 solid, 330 subsolid) were available from the NLST for evaluation. Nodules were scored by using VRC with nine parameters (output was the percentage likelihood of malignancy; VRC threshold for malignancy likelihood set as greater than 5%) and Lung-RADS (output was category 2-4B; malignancy defined as category 4A or 4B; malignancy likelihood greater than 5%).

Dual-energy CT in the obese: a preliminary retrospective review to evaluate quality and feasibility of the single-source dual-detector implementation.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of performing dual-energy CT with a single-source spectral detector system in obese patients.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective, IRB-approved review of 28 patients weighing ≥ 270 lbs (122 kg) who underwent CT of the abdomen on a single-source spectral detector system was performed. Two blinded, independent radiologists rated relative preference between conventional CT images taken at 120 kVp (CCT120) and monoenergetic 70 keV equivalent (MonoE70) as well as iodine map image quality in the spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and liver.

Is current information on organochlorine exposure sufficient to conserve birds in India?

Organochlorine compounds (OCs) pose a serious threat towards the wildlife due to their well-known adverse effects. India is the second largest producer of pesticides in Asia, with DDT production still ongoing, and is ranked amongst the leading countries of pesticide consumption. However, a significant data gap in avian biomonitoring studies has been identified in Asia.

Burden of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in the United States.

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) is a disease of public health concern, but its burden on the healthcare of United States has not been adequately assessed recently. We aimed to define the incidence, complications and outcomes of HSVE in the recent decade by analyzing data from a nationally representative database. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases were utilized to identify patients with primary discharge diagnosis of HSVE.

The Vancouver Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Model: Assessment by Using a Subset of the National Lung Screening Trial Cohort.

Purpose To assess the likelihood of malignancy among a subset of nodules in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) by using a risk calculator based on nodule and patient characteristics. Materials and Methods All authors received approval for use of NLST data. An institutional review board exemption and a waiver for informed consent were granted to the author with an academic appointment.

Predictors of Prolonged Hospital Stay in Status Migrainosus.

Background: Patients with status migrainosus often need to be admitted due to the severity of their headaches. Their hospitalization is often prolonged due to poor headache control. Large sample studies looking into the factors associated with prolonged length of stay (pLOS) in status migrainosus are lacking.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Complications, Outcomes, and Mortality.

Objective: Our study objective was to identify real-world rates of complications, mortality, and outcomes in patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) over the last decade in the United States.

Methods: A total of 1346 patients were obtained from the nationwide inpatient sample for the years 2002-2011. Common complications known to be associated with NMS were identified.

Development of technology for manufacture of ragi ice cream.

Ragi (Finger millet) improves the nutritional value of ice cream by enhancing the iron and fibre content. Caramel flavoured medium fat ice cream (6 % fat) was prepared by addition of gelatinized malted ragi flour roasted in butter (MRB) @ 8 %, 9 % and 10 % by weight of mix and compared with control (C) i.e.

Correlation of Cytology and Colposcopic Findings Using Reid's Index in VIA-Positive Women.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among Indian women. Only 5 % of women in developing countries have ever been screened for cervical abnormalities.

Objectives: To study the correlation of cytology and colposcopy in VIA-positive women attending the Gynaecology clinic.

Spectral and hydrodynamic studies on p-toluidine induced growth in cationic micelle.

The effect of p-toluidine (PTD) on the growth of cationic surfactant micelles in aqueous solutions was examined by viscosity, UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), (1)H NMR and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY). Viscosity and scattering results are used to follow the growth of the aggregates and examine the structural transitions that occur. The reduction of electrostatic repulsions between the surfactant headgroups in combination with the hydrophobicity of the additive caused micellar growth and viscoelasticity at high PTD concentration; the micellar growth was found to be more pronounced in the presence of salt.

Informatics in radiology: Hesse rendering for computer-aided visualization and analysis of anomalies at chest CT and breast MR imaging.

A volume-rendering (VR) technique known as Hesse rendering applies image-enhancement filters to three-dimensional imaging volumes and depicts the filter responses in a color-coded fashion. Unlike direct VR, which makes use of intensities, Hesse rendering operates on the basis of shape properties, such that nodular structures in the resulting renderings have different colors than do tubular structures and thus are easily visualized. The renderings are mouse-click sensitive and can be used to navigate to locations of possible anomalies in the original images.

The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and Image Database Resource Initiative (IDRI): a completed reference database of lung nodules on CT scans.

Purpose: The development of computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) methods for lung nodule detection, classification, and quantitative assessment can be facilitated through a well-characterized repository of computed tomography (CT) scans. The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and Image Database Resource Initiative (IDRI) completed such a database, establishing a publicly available reference for the medical imaging research community. Initiated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), further advanced by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), and accompanied by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) through active participation, this public-private partnership demonstrates the success of a consortium founded on a consensus-based process.

Assessment of COPD severity by computed tomography: correlation with lung functional testing.

CT scans of 474 patients with suspected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were retrospectively evaluated by automated software. There was a correlation between the total lung capacity (TLC) and the total lung volume (TLV) (r=.675, P<.

Lung nodule computer-aided detection as a second reader: influence on radiology residents.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a computed tomographic lung nodule computer-aided detection (CAD) software as a second reader for radiology residents.

Methods: The study involved 110 cases from 4 sites. Three expert radiologists identified nodules that were 4 to 30 mm in maximum diameter to form the ground truth.

Lung nodule CAD software as a second reader: a multicenter study.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this multicenter, multireader study was to evaluate the performance of computed tomography (CT) lung nodule computer-aided detection (CAD) software as a second reader.

Methods And Materials: The study involved 109 patients from four sites. The data were collected from a variety of multidetector CT scanners and had different scan parameters.

Comparison of manual and automated size measurements of lung metastases on MDCT images: potential influence on therapeutic decisions.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of automated measurement of diameter, area, and volume from chest CT scans on therapeutic decisions of lung nodules as compared to manual 2-D measurements.

Patients And Method: The retrospective study involved 25 patients with 75 lung metastases. Contrast enhanced CT scans (16 row) of the lung were performed three times during chemotherapy with a mean time interval of 67.