Somatic and psychological effects of low-dose aromatase inhibition in men with obesity-related hypogonadotropic hypotestosteronemia.

Introduction: Reduced testosterone levels are frequently observed in obese men. Increased aromatase activity may be an etiological factor.

Objective: In this study, we evaluate the clinical effects of aromatase inhibition in obesity-related hypogonadotropic hypotestosteronemia (OrHH).

Incidence and aetiology of renal phosphate loss in patients with hypophosphatemia in the intensive care unit.

Background: Hypophosphatemia is a common finding in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Its cause is often poorly understood.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand the incidence of renal phosphate loss in ICU-related hypophosphatemia, and to examine the role of phosphaturic hormones in its etiology.

Hypophosphatemia on the intensive care unit: individualized phosphate replacement based on serum levels and distribution volume.

Background: Hypophosphatemia occurs in about 25% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. To date, a safe and validated phosphate replacement protocol is not available.

Objective: To evaluate an individualized phosphate replacement regimen.

Assessment of calcium balance in patients on hemodialysis, based on ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone responses.

Background: Identification of the underlying causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in individual patients on hemodialysis (HD) is hampered by the lack of clinically reliable information on calcium balance. The aim of this study was to assess calcium balance during HD sessions with a method that is applicable in day-to-day practice.

Methods: Plasma ionized calcium (pCa2+) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured at the beginning and end of HD to evaluate calcium fluxes in 23 patients on a dialysate calcium (DCa) concentration of 1.

Treatment of calcium and vitamin D deficiency in HIV-positive men on tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Hypophosphatemia and bone disease are common in HIV-positive (HIV+) patients on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing antiretroviral therapy (TDF-containing ART). The underlying etiology is not completely understood.

Objective: To examine the effects of treatment of calcium and vitamin D deficiency on phosphate metabolism and bone disease in HIV+ patients on tenofovir.

Cinacalcet for hypercalcemia caused by pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma producing parathyroid hormone-related Peptide.

Background: Current treatments for hypercalcemia caused by lung cell carcinomas producing parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rp) have limited efficacy, probably because of their lack of effect on PTH-rp secretion. In this case study we explored the efficacy of the calcimimetic cinacalcet as suppressor of PTH-rp production.

Patient: A 57-year-old male with severe and recurrent hypercalcemia induced by a PTH-rp-producing squamous cell lung carcinoma, stage cT4N3M1b, poorly responding to standard treatments.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor antagonist may reduce postmenopausal flushing.

Objective: Hormone therapy (HT) is the most effective treatment of postmenopausal (PMP) flushing; however, its use is often contraindicated. As an alternative option, we explored the efficacy of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor antagonist cetrorelix in women with severe PMP flushing.

Methods: We conducted an open-label treatment with cetrorelix 250 μg twice a day on 10 women with a baseline daily flush score of 15 or higher for a period of 4 to 6 weeks.

Vitamin D absorption: consequences of gastric bypass surgery.

Background: Severe vitamin D deficiency is a common finding in morbid obesity, and the incidence increases markedly after RYGB. Normalization of vitamin D levels after RYGB is difficult to achieve because the degree of surgery-induced malabsorption is not known.

Objective: To develop a test that quantifies the changes in intestinal cholecalciferol absorption induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.

Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in a newborn with secondary hypoparathyroidism.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a recently identified hormone that is of prime importance for phosphate homeostasis in humans. FGF-23 is secreted by osteocytes in response to phosphate-loading. It stimulates renal phosphate excretion and suppresses the formation of 1.

Cholecalciferol loading dose guideline for vitamin D-deficient adults.

Introduction: Severe vitamin D deficiency is very common. Evidence-based guidelines for rapid correction with high-dose oral cholecalciferol are not yet available.

Objective: To develop a practical cholecalciferol loading dose regimen.

Cinacalcet for hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy and puerperium.

The efficacy and safety of various modes of medical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in pregnancy is largely unknown. This report describes two cases of PHPT in pregnancy that were temporarily treated with the calcimimetic cinacalcet. The first case was diagnosed in the 31st week of pregnancy.