An Objective Assessment of Performance during Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Validation and Correlation of Automated Performance Metrics with Intraoperative Outcomes.

Purpose: Automated performance metrics provide a novel approach to the assessment of surgical performance. Herein, we present a construct validation of automated performance metrics during robotic assisted partial nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods: Automated performance metrics (instrument motion tracking/system events) and synchronized surgical videos from da Vinci® Si systems during robotic assisted partial nephrectomy were recorded using a system data recorder.

Prevalence and risk factors for liver biochemical abnormalities in Canadian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of abnormal liver enzymes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and whether further investigations were done, and the differences in SLE-related and/or metabolic factors in patients with and without liver biochemical abnormalities.

Method: Patients from the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic who met at least 4 of the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE and had 1.5 times the upper limit for aspartate transaminase or alanine transaminase on 2 consecutive visits within a 2-year period were matched with controls for age, sex, and SLE duration.