The prevalence and impact of psychiatric comorbidities on hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients in the United States: insights from the National Inpatient Sample from 2009-2018.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of anxiety and mood disorders. This study examines the temporal trends and clinical impact of anxiety and mood disorder diagnoses in hospitalized IBD patients in the United States during a 10-year period.

Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample from 2009-2018, all IBD-related discharges in adults were analyzed.

Editorial: COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in patients with inflammatory bowel disease-but many unanswered questions remain. Authors' reply.

This article is linked to Bhurwal et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.

Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Introduction: There are concerns regarding the effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively summarises the available literature regarding the safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in IBD.

Methods: Three independent reviewers performed a comprehensive review of all original articles describing the response of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with IBD.

P077 Incidence of Colonic Strictures - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Intestinal strictures are a complication of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD)) that can lead to bowel obstruction and therapy failure. Intestinal strictures occurring after long-standing tissue damage and repair are more frequently reported in CD, but colonic strictures can occur in UC. However, there is a paucity of literature that comprehensively summarizes the available information regarding the incidence and etiology of colonic strictures in UC.

Comparison of Disease Phenotypes and Clinical Characteristics Among South Asian and White Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease at a Tertiary Referral Center.

Background: The prevalence and clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) vary among different racial and ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and phenotypic features of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in South Asian patients living in the United States with those of a white cohort.

Methods: The demographic, clinical, and phenotypic characteristics of 73 South Asian patients (31 CD and 42 UC) who presented initially to our tertiary referral center from 2012 to 2016 and had subsequent follow-up were retrospectively compared with those of 408 consecutive white patients (245 CD and 163 UC).

Effect of Long-Term Mesalamine Therapy on Cancer-Associated Gene Expression in Colonic Mucosa of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: The role of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA or mesalamine) in the prevention of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients was reported, but the effect on molecular targets in UC colon mucosa is unknown.

Aim: This observational study evaluates gene expression levels of 5-ASA targets using serial colon biopsy specimens from UC patients undergoing long-term 5-ASA therapy.

Methods: Transcript levels were compared between colonoscopic biopsy specimens collected from 62 patients at initial and final follow-up colonoscopy at 2-6 years.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome following Ustekinumab Induction for Crohn's Disease.

Biological agents are frequently used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease, and it is important to understand the potential adverse effects of these therapies. Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that interferes with interleukin-12 and -23 cytokine signaling and is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease. We report 2 cases of neurological adverse events, one of which is consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), in the setting of ustekinumab therapy for Crohn's disease.

Autoimmune features are associated with chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis.

Background: Chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (CARP) occurs more frequently in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) with concomitant autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the overlap between dysregulated immune features in patients with IPAA and their association with CARP.

Methods: We identified 150 symptomatic patients with IPAA who met inclusion criteria, including measurement of select autoimmune serology.

Clostridium difficile infection in the postcolectomy patient.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) after total colectomy has been increasingly recognized over the past decade. C. difficile enteritis (CDE) is a rare occurrence, whereas C.

Auto-inflammatory diseases in ileal pouch patients with NOD2/CARD15 mutations.

Pouchitis is common in ulcerative colitis patients undergoing total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, and chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis occurs in a subgroup of the patients. Auto-inflammatory diseases are characterized by systemic inflammation, manifesting as periodic fever, rash, arthritis, and serositis. We describe two cases with ulcerative colitis and an ileal pouch, who presented with extra-intestinal manifestations and genetic features atypical for inflammatory bowel disease alone.

Risk factors and management of refractory or recurrent clostridium difficile infection in ileal pouch patients.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly recognized in patients with ulcerative colitis with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). The aim of this study was to identify clinical risk factors for treatment-refractory or recurrent CDI in patients with IPAA.

Methods: We identified patients with IPAA for underlying ulcerative colitis and a positive polymerase chain reaction stool test for C.

Clostridium difficile infection in patients with ileal pouches.

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) following total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has been increasingly recognized over the past 5 years. CDI of the ileal pouch has been recognized in ∼10% of symptomatic patients seen at a tertiary referral center for pouch dysfunction.

The association between autoimmunity and pouchitis.

: Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is commonly used in the management of ulcerative colitis. Inflammation of the ileal pouch reservoir, or pouchitis, is a common complication of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis that is incompletely understood. Risk factors including nonsmoker status and primary sclerosing cholangitis have been linked with pouchitis development, but the etiopathogenesis of pouchitis remains poorly defined.

Increased susceptibility of chronic ulcerative colitis-induced carcinoma development in DNA repair enzyme Ogg1 deficient mice.

Ogg1 DNA repair enzyme recognizes and excises oxidative stress-caused 8-hydroxyl-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) from GC base-pairs. Ogg1 knockout mice are phenotypically normal, but exhibit elevated levels of 8-OHdG in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, as well as moderately elevated mutagenesis and spontaneous lung tumors and UV-induced skin tumors. To elucidate the mechanistic role of inflammation-caused oxidative stress in carcinogenesis, the development of chronic ulcerative colitis (UC)-induced carcinoma in Ogg1 knockout mice was studied using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model without the use of a carcinogen.

Colorectal carcinoma development in inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis.

The overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may play an important role in ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated carcinogenesis. In order to study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in UC-associated colorectal carcinogenesis, the development of colorectal carcinoma was studied using the DSS-induced and iron-enhanced model of chronic UC in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-deficient mice. Female wild-type C57BL/6 (iNOS+/+) and iNOS-/- mice were administered 1% DSS (w/v) through the drinking fluid for 15 DSS cycles and fed twofold iron-enriched diet.

Inhibition of chronic ulcerative colitis associated adenocarcinoma development in mice by inositol compounds.

Chronic inflammation is a well recognized risk factor for cancer and patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC) are at an increased risk for colorectal carcinoma development. In order to prevent UC associated carcinogenesis, we tested the effects of inositol compounds (including inositol and hexaphosphate inositol) on UC-associated carcinogenesis in our novel mouse model. Female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to long-term, cyclic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment and fed a 2-fold iron-enriched diet.

High-iron diet: foe or feat in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis.

Anemia associated with long-standing chronic inflammation and iron deficiency, and the increased risk for the development of dysplasia and carcinoma, are two of the most common complications in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Because of iron and nutrition deficiency, UC patients are encouraged to consume a high-protein and high-iron diet. The crucial clinical question is the effect of a high-iron diet on inflammation activity and inflammation-driven carcinogenesis.

Systemic iron supplementation replenishes iron stores without enhancing colon carcinogenesis in murine models of ulcerative colitis: comparison with iron-enriched diet.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients frequently require iron supplementation to remedy anemia. The impact of systemic iron supplementation (intraperitoneal injection) on UC-associated carcinogenesis was assessed in mice subjected to cyclic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment and compared with dietary iron enrichment. Systemic iron supplementation, but not a twofold iron diet, remedied iron deficiency as indicated by the histochemical detection of splenic iron stores.

Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis and effects on angiogenesis and apoptosis in A/J mice by oral administration of green tea.

Oral administration of tea (Camellia sinensis) has been shown to inhibit the formation and growth of several tumor types in animal models. The present study investigated the effects of treatment with different concentrations of green tea on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in female A/J mice. Two days after a single dose of NNK (100 mg/kg body weight, i.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is absorbed but extensively glucuronidated following oral administration to mice.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea (Camellia sinensis), has shown cancer preventive activity in animal models. The bioavailability of EGCG in the most commonly used animal species, mice, is poorly understood. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic parameters of EGCG have not been reported previously in mice.

Oxidative stress and ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis: studies in humans and animal models.

The chronic inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis (UC) occurs commonly in the US and other Western countries, but its etiology is unknown. An association between UC and an elevated risk for colorectal cancer is well established. UC-associated colorectal carcinogenesis is probably driven by chronic inflammation, but the mechanism is unclear.

Inhibition of chronic ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal adenocarcinoma development in a murine model by N-acetylcysteine.

Long-term ulcerative colitis (UC) patients are at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer. In order to develop strategies for preventing UC-associated carcinogenesis, we studied the effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on UC-associated cancer development in a mouse model. Female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to long-term administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking fluid and 2-fold iron-enriched AIN76A diet, with or without NAC.

Dietary iron supplementation enhances DSS-induced colitis and associated colorectal carcinoma development in mice.

Chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) patients frequently require iron supplementation to remedy anemia due to blood loss. However, the effect of iron supplementation on UC-associated carcinogenesis is unknown. In this study, the effect of an iron-enriched diet on dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute and chronic colitis in mice was assessed.