The Efficacy of a Multimodal Recovery Strategy Implemented After a High-Intensity Rugby League Training Session.

Aben, HGJ, Hills, SP, Higgins, D, Cooke, CB, Davis, D, Jones, B, and Russell, M. The efficacy of a multimodal recovery strategy implemented after a high-intensity rugby league training session. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1634-1642, 2023-The efficacy of a multimodal recovery strategy implemented within 4 hours of rugby league (RL) training was investigated using repeated-measures, randomized, crossover methods in 10 professional academy RL players (age: 17 ± 1 years).

Listeria exploits IFITM3 to suppress antibacterial activity in phagocytes.

The type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway has important functions in resistance to viral infection, with the downstream induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISG) protecting the host from virus entry, replication and spread. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a facultative intracellular foodborne pathogen, can exploit the type I IFN response as part of their pathogenic strategy, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here we show that type I IFN suppresses the antibacterial activity of phagocytes to promote systemic Lm infection.

Sticholysins, pore-forming proteins from a marine anemone can induce maturation of dendritic cells through a TLR4 dependent-pathway.

Sticholysins (Sts) I and II (StI and StII) are pore-forming proteins (PFPs), purified from the Caribbean Sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus. StII encapsulated into liposomes induces a robust antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTL) response and in its free form the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs). It is probable that the latter is partially supporting in part the immunomodulatory effect on the CTL response induced by StII-containing liposomes.

Cutting Edge: NOX2 NADPH Oxidase Controls Infection by an Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen through Limiting the Type 1 IFN Response.

The NOX2 NADPH oxidase (NOX2) produces reactive oxygen species to kill phagosome-confined bacteria. However, we previously showed that is able to avoid the NOX2 activity in phagosomes and escape to the cytosol. Thus, despite the established role of NOX2 limiting infection in mice, the underlying mechanisms of this antibacterial activity remain unclear.

The Reliability of Neuromuscular and Perceptual Measures Used to Profile Recovery, and the Time-Course of such Responses following Academy Rugby League Match-Play.

In professional academy rugby league (RL) players, this two-part study examined; A) the within- and between-day reliability of isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP), countermovement jumps (CMJ), and a wellness questionnaire ( = 11), and B) profiled the responses with acceptable reliability (no between-trial differences and between-day coefficient of variation (CV) ≤10% and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥0.8) for 120 h (baseline: -3, +24, +48, +72, +96, +120 h) following RL match-play ( = 10). In part A, force at 200, and 250 ms, and peak force (PF) demonstrated acceptable within- (CV%: 3.

Characterization of the pathogenesis and immune response to Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from a sustained national outbreak.

Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a foodborne disease that can lead to life-threatening meningitis. The 2011 L. monocytogenes cantaloupe outbreak was among the deadliest foodborne outbreaks in the United States.

An ATG16L1-dependent pathway promotes plasma membrane repair and limits Listeria monocytogenes cell-to-cell spread.

Plasma membrane integrity is essential for the viability of eukaryotic cells. In response to bacterial pore-forming toxins, disrupted regions of the membrane are rapidly repaired. However, the pathways that mediate plasma membrane repair are unclear.

The Vacuolar Pathway in Macrophages Plays a Major Role in Antigen Cross-Presentation Induced by the Pore-Forming Protein Sticholysin II Encapsulated Into Liposomes.

Cross-presentation is an important mechanism for the differentiation of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from naïve CD8 T-cells, a key response for the clearance of intracellular pathogens and tumors. The liposomal co-encapsulation of the pore-forming protein sticholysin II (StII) with ovalbumin (OVA) (Lp/OVA/StII) induces a powerful OVA-specific CTL activation and an anti-tumor response . However, the pathway through which the StII contained in this preparation is able to induce antigen cross-presentation and the type of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) involved have not been elucidated.

Invasion of the Brain by Is Mediated by InlF and Host Cell Vimentin.

is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that is frequently associated with food-borne infection. Of particular concern is the ability of to breach the blood-brain barrier, leading to life-threatening meningitis and encephalitis. The mechanisms used by bacterial pathogens to infect the brain are not fully understood.

The VirAB ABC Transporter Is Required for VirR Regulation of Listeria monocytogenes Virulence and Resistance to Nisin.

is a Gram-positive intracellular pathogen that causes a severe invasive disease. Upon infecting a host cell, upregulates the transcription of numerous factors necessary for productive infection. VirR is the response regulator component of a two-component regulatory system in In this report, we have identified the putative ABC transporter encoded by genes as necessary for VirR function.

Deciphering the landscape of host barriers to infection.

is a common food-borne pathogen that can disseminate from the intestine and infect multiple organs. Here, we used sequence tag-based analysis of microbial populations (STAMP) to investigate population dynamics during infection. We created a genetically barcoded library of murinized and then used deep sequencing to track the pathogen's dissemination routes and quantify its founding population () sizes in different organs.

Type I interferon promotes cell-to-cell spread of Listeria monocytogenes.

Type I interferons (IFNs) play a critical role in antiviral immune responses, but can be deleterious to the host during some bacterial infections. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) induces a type I IFN response by activating cytosolic antiviral surveillance pathways. This is beneficial to the bacteria as mice lacking the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR1 ) are resistant to systemic infection by Lm.

Resolution of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Is Associated with a Distinct T Cell Response Profile.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection, the total burden of which is underestimated due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection. Untreated C. trachomatis infections can cause significant morbidities, including pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility (TFI).

Strain-Specific Interactions of Listeria monocytogenes with the Autophagy System in Host Cells.

Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that can replicate in the cytosol of host cells. These bacteria undergo actin-based motility in the cytosol via expression of ActA, which recruits host actin-regulatory proteins to the bacterial surface. L.

Identification of Listeria monocytogenes determinants required for biofilm formation.

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, food-borne pathogen of humans and animals. L. monocytogenes is considered to be a potential public health risk by the U.

The diaphanous-related formins promote protrusion formation and cell-to-cell spread of Listeria monocytogenes.

The Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen whose virulence depends on its ability to spread from cell to cell within an infected host. Although the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex is necessary and sufficient for Listeria actin tail assembly, previous studies suggest that other actin polymerization factors, such as formins, may participate in protrusion formation. Here, we show that Arp2/3 localized to only a minor portion of the protrusion.

Listeria monocytogenes exploits efferocytosis to promote cell-to-cell spread.

Efferocytosis, the process by which dying or dead cells are removed by phagocytosis, has an important role in development, tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. Efferocytosis is mediated, in part, by receptors that bind to exofacial phosphatidylserine (PS) on cells or cellular debris after loss of plasma membrane asymmetry. Here we show that a bacterial pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, can exploit efferocytosis to promote cell-to-cell spread during infection.

Proteins as T cell antigens: methods for high-throughput identification.

Vaccines are the most cost-effective means of preventing infectious diseases and have the potential to be used in a therapeutic capacity for the treatment of numerous chronic diseases and cancer. The majority of available vaccines function by eliciting antibodies that can neutralize toxins or opsonize the pathogen leading to elimination by professional phagocytes. However, there are many infectious and non-infectious diseases for which there are no available vaccines or the current antibody-mediated vaccines offer insufficient protection.

A differential fluorescence-based genetic screen identifies Listeria monocytogenes determinants required for intracellular replication.

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular pathogen capable of causing severe invasive disease with high mortality rates in humans. While previous studies have largely elucidated the bacterial and host cell mechanisms necessary for invasion, vacuolar escape, and subsequent cell-to-cell spread, the L. monocytogenes factors required for rapid replication within the restrictive environment of the host cell cytosol are poorly understood.

Host and bacterial factors that regulate LC3 recruitment to Listeria monocytogenes during the early stages of macrophage infection.

Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that can escape the phagosome and replicate in the cytosol of host cells during infection. We previously observed that a population (up to 35%) of L. monocytogenes strain 10403S colocalize with the macroautophagy marker LC3 at 1 h postinfection.

The short isoform of the CEACAM1 receptor in intestinal T cells regulates mucosal immunity and homeostasis via Tfh cell induction.

Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule like I (CEACAM1) is expressed on activated T cells and signals through either a long (L) cytoplasmic tail containing immune receptor tyrosine based inhibitory motifs, which provide inhibitory function, or a short (S) cytoplasmic tail with an unknown role. Previous studies on peripheral T cells show that CEACAM1-L isoforms predominate with little to no detectable CEACAM1-S isoforms in mouse and human. We show here that this was not the case in tissue resident T cells of intestines and gut associated lymphoid tissues, which demonstrated predominant expression of CEACAM1-S isoforms relative to CEACAM1-L isoforms in human and mouse.

High-throughput proteomic screening identifies Chlamydia trachomatis antigens that are capable of eliciting T cell and antibody responses that provide protection against vaginal challenge.

A comprehensive proteomic screening technology was previously used to characterize T cell responses to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. In this study, we demonstrated that T cells specific for protein antigens identified through this comprehensive technology home to the site of infection after mucosal challenge with C. trachomatis.

Interactions of Listeria monocytogenes with the autophagy system of host cells.

Macrophages are immune cells that participate in the host defense against bacterial pathogens. These cells mediate bacterial clearance by internalizing bacteria into a phagosome, which ultimately fuses with lysosomes to kill bacteria. One bacterial strategy to evade killing in the phagosome is to escape from this compartment prior to lysosomal fusion.