Top 10 Basaloid Neoplasms of the Sinonasal Tract.

Background: Basaloid neoplasms of the sinonasal tract represent a significant group of tumors with histological overlap but often with different etiologies (i.e., viral, genetics), clinical management, and prognostic significance.

Dietary carbohydrate, particularly glucose, drives B cell lymphopoiesis and function.

While diet modulates immunity, its impact on B cell ontogeny remains unclear. Using mixture modeling, a large-scale isocaloric dietary cohort mouse study identified carbohydrate as a major driver of B cell development and function. Increasing dietary carbohydrate increased B cell proportions in spleen, mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patches, and increased antigen-specific immunoglobulin G production after immunization.

Investigation of foreign materials in gingival lesions: a clinicopathologic, energy-dispersive microanalysis of the lesions and in vitro confirmation of pro-inflammatory effects of the foreign materials.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and histopathologic features of gingival lesions containing foreign material (GLFMs). In parallel, the composition of the foreign material and its effects in primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were investigated.

Study Design: Eighty-six GLFMs were retrieved from an oral pathology biopsy service.

Analysis of the Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic System Using Mass and Flow Cytometry.

The hematopoietic system produces erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets) throughout the life of an organism. Long-lived hematopoietic stem cells give rise to early progenitors with multi-lineage potential that progressively differentiate into lineage-specific progenitors. Following lineage commitment, these progenitors proliferate and expand, before eventually differentiating into their mature forms.

Investigation of immune cell markers in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral cancer in the cat and presents as a locally aggressive lesion for which an effective therapeutic protocol remains elusive. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shares many clinical characteristics with human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Accordingly, present studies were conducted to determine similarities for immune markers shared by feline OSCC and human HNSCC.

Advanced platelet-rich fibrin and freeze-dried bone allograft for ridge preservation: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) is an autogenous blood product with applications in dento-alveolar surgery. However, there is minimal information regarding its optimal clinical application or efficacy. The aim of this multi-arm parallel randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of A-PRF alone or with freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) in improving vital bone formation and alveolar dimensional stability during ridge preservation.

The Oral Effects of Inhalation Corticosteroid Therapy: An Update.

Inhaled corticosteroids (IC) are commonly used for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Although these medications are generally considered safer when compared to oral systemic corticosteroids, there is evidence for potential systemic and local adverse effects with their use. Therefore, dentists should be aware of these adverse effects, especially the commonest local effects that can involve the oral mucosa.

An intravaginal ring for real-time evaluation of adherence to therapy.

Two recent Phase III clinical trials to investigate an intravaginal ring for preventing HIV infection demonstrated that adherence to prescribed device use was a primary driver of efficacy. Surrogate methods for determining adherence in the studies were limited in their inability to monitor temporal patterns of use and allow deconvolution of the effects of adherence and device efficacy on HIV infection rates. To address this issue, we have developed functionality in an intravaginal ring to continuously monitor when the device is being used and maintain a log of adherence that can be accessed by clinicians after it is removed.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mimicking Peri-Implantitis.

Introduction: Peri-implantitis is inflammation and alveolar bone loss around a dental implant. Published case reports have described squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development around dental implants.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old female presented with two small fistulas on the alveolar ridge of missing tooth #18.

Lymphangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma of the oral mucosa.

With the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the clinical and histopathological features of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) became routine for most practicing surgical pathologists. The histological spectrum of KS broadened significantly over time and today a wide variety of rare histological variants are reported, but not widely recognized. Lymphangioma-like KS (LLKS) is a rare histological variant of KS occurring in skin, with banal histological features that can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapy.

Odontogenic osteomyelitis or bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of mandible of patient with autoimmune disease: clinical dilemma.

The key to appropriate treatment of odontogenic osteomyelitis or bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the mandible in patients with autoimmune diseases lies in making the correct diagnosis based on meticulous review of signs and symptoms. As this complex case involving a patient with multiple comorbidities illustrates, diagnosis can be difficult, because these conditions may overlap or be mistaken for other conditions. However, prompt treatment is essential to limit the progression, which can be devastating for these medically complex patients.

Rare diagnosis of IgG4-related systemic disease by lip biopsy in an international Sjögren syndrome registry.

IgG4-related disease has been recently defined as a distinct clinic-pathologic entity, characterized by dense IgG-4 plasmacytic infiltration of diverse organs, fibrosis, and tumefactive lesions. Salivary and lacrimal glands are a target of this disease and, when affected, may clinically resemble Küttner tumor, Mikulicz disease, or orbital inflammatory pseudotumor. In some patients, the disease is systemic, with metachronous involvement of multiple organs, including the pancreas, aorta, kidneys, and biliary tract.

p53 expression and mutation analysis of odontogenic cysts with and without dysplasia.

Objective: Overexpression of p53 protein is well described in odontogenic cystic lesions (OCLs), including those with epithelial dysplasia; however, most p53 antibodies stain both wild-type and mutated p53 protein and may not reflect genotype. Direct sequencing of the p53 gene has not identified mutations in OCLs with dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular basis of p53 expression in several types of OCLs with and without dysplasia.

Clinical signs and histologic findings in dogs with odontogenic cysts: 41 cases (1995-2010).

Objective: To characterize clinical signs and histologic findings in dogs with odontogenic cysts and determine whether histologic findings were associated with clinical features.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 41 dogs.

Associations between salivary gland histopathologic diagnoses and phenotypic features of Sjögren's syndrome among 1,726 registry participants.

Objective: To examine associations between labial salivary gland (LSG) histopathology and other phenotypic features of Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods: The database of the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA), a registry of patients with symptoms of possible SS as well as those with obvious disease, was used for the present study. LSG biopsy specimens from SICCA participants were subjected to protocol-directed histopathologic assessments.

Clinicopathologic characterization of odontogenic tumors and focal fibrous hyperplasia in dogs: 152 cases (1995-2005).

Objective: To characterize clinicopathologic features of the most common odontogenic tumors and focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH) in dogs.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 152 dogs evaluated for oral tumors of possible odontogenic origin at the William R.

Mutations in the c-Kit gene disrupt mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling during tumor development in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands.

The Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is considered to be a positive regulator of tumor initiation, progression, and maintenance. This study reports an opposite finding: we have found strong evidence that the MAPK pathway is inhibited in a subset of adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) of the salivary glands. ACC tumors consistently overexpress the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) c-Kit, which has been considered a therapeutic target.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the head and neck.

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the reported cases of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) in the head and neck and to evaluate this tumor regarding histologic features, treatment, and recurrence. SFT has been described in many extrapleural sites, including the head and neck. Uniform overexpression of CD34 differentiates SFT from other spindle cell neoplasms.

Involvement of PTCH1 mutations in the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor.

The human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene PTCH1, a tumor suppressor gene within the Sonic Hedgehog pathway has been implicated as the mutation responsible for nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) as well as many other sporadic neoplasms. The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare and aggressive tumor of the jaws. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the Sonic hedgehog pathway in the pathogenesis of the CEOT.

Nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinase A receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma: is there an association with perineural invasion?

Purpose: Perineural invasion (PNI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is recognized as a significant predictor of outcome. PNI is associated with locoregional recurrence and decreased survival of patients with head and neck SCC. Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to be involved in PNI in several malignancies, including breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers.