Ankle Doppler for Cuffless Ankle Brachial Index Estimation and Peripheral Artery Disease Diagnosis Independent of Diabetes.

Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) is the first-line test to diagnose peripheral artery disease (PAD). Its adoption in clinical practice is poor and its validity, particularly in diabetes, is limited. We hypothesised that ABPI can be accurately and precisely estimated based on cuffless Doppler waveforms.