Correction: Redox correlation in muscle lengthening and immune response in eccentric exercise.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Redox correlation in muscle lengthening and immune response in eccentric exercise.

This study was designed to examine the potential involvement of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle dysfunction linked with stretching in a mouse model and to explore the effects of combined antioxidant intake on peripheral leukocyte apoptosis following eccentrically-biased downhill runs in human subjects. In the mouse model, diaphragmatic muscle was stretched by 30% of its optimal length, followed by 5-min contraction. Muscle function and extracellular reactive oxygen species release was measured ex vivo.

Resistance exercise training-induced decrease in circulating inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocyte percentage without weight loss in older adults.

Purpose: Exercise training reduces systemic inflammation in weight-stable people, but concurrent diet-induced body weight loss is not well studied. We hypothesized that resistance training would decrease inflammatory monocyte percentage and improve biomarkers associated with disease risk, independent of weight loss.

Methods: Forty physically inactive (PI) subjects (58.

Leukocyte apoptosis and pro-/anti-apoptotic proteins following downhill running.

The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage on the induction of apoptosis in peripheral blood leukocytes and to investigate if the elevation in apoptotic leukocytes was mediated by changes in the concentration of anti-/pro-apoptotic proteins in circulation. Twelve moderately trained subjects performed three 40 min treadmill runs at ~70% VO(2max): a level run (L) followed by two downhill runs (DH1 and DH2). Blood samples were taken at rest (PRE) and immediately (POST), 2, 24, and 48 h after each run.

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption after aerobic exercise training.

Literature examining the effects of aerobic exercise training on excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is sparse. In this study, 9 male participants (19-32 yr) trained (EX) for 12 wk, and 10 in a control group (CON) maintained normal activity. VO(2max), rectal temperature (T(re)), epinephrine, norepinephrine, free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, glucose, blood lactate (BLA), and EPOC were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention.

Resting metabolic rate after endurance exercise training.

Purpose: 1) To examine the effect of a 12-wk endurance exercise training program on RMR and 2) to provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for alterations in RMR that may occur after exercise training.

Methods: Male participants (19-32 yr) in an exercise group (EX; n = 9) performed jogging and/or running 3-4 d x wk(-1), 25-40 min per session, at 60%-80% VO2max, whereas subjects in a control group (CON; n = 10) maintained their normal activity patterns. Body composition, VO2max, RMR, epinephrine, norepinephrine, total thyroxine, free thyroxine, insulin, free fatty acids, and glucose were measured before and after the intervention.

Predictors of calcium retention in adolescent boys.

Context: The relationship between calcium (Ca) intake and Ca retention in adolescent boys was recently reported.

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of Ca intake, serum hormone levels, biomarkers of bone metabolism, habitual physical activity, habitual Ca intake, and physical fitness on Ca retention in the same sample.

Design: This study was a randomized, cross-over design that consisted of two 3-wk metabolic balance periods.

The latest on carbohydrate loading: a practical approach.

High dietary carbohydrate (CHO) intake for several days before competition (CHO loading) is known to increase muscle glycogen stores, with subsequent ergogenic performance benefits often seen in events longer than 90 min in duration. CHO-loading strategies vary in characteristics such as type and duration of dietary manipulation and the accompanying exercise/training activities. Additionally, glycogen concentration may remain elevated for up to 5 d.

Neither gender nor menstrual cycle phase influences exercise-induced lymphocyte apoptosis in untrained subjects.

Lymphocyte apoptosis increases following maximal exercise. Estrogen hormones (E2) have been shown to protect lymphocytes from apoptosis in vitro, but it is unknown whether they can attenuate the apoptotic response to maximal exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of menstrual cycle variation on exercise-induced lymphocyte apoptosis in humans following exercise.

Blood treatment influences the yield of apoptotic lymphocytes after maximal exercise.

Purpose: No systematic investigation has been reported assessing the effect of cell isolation processes on postexercise apoptosis. Therefore, the effect of cell isolation procedures on apoptosis was evaluated in this study.

Methods: Untrained healthy individuals participated (N=13).

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in spinal cord-injured men.

This study examined excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) following arm cranking in men who had a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Six physically active SCI men with a lesion level between T10 and T12 and six able-bodied (AB) men who were matched according to upper body peak VO(2) performed 30 min of arm-cranking at 65-70% peak VO(2). Baseline measurements were recorded during the last 10 min of a 40-min seated rest.

Carbohydrate loading and supplementation in endurance-trained women runners.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) augmentation on endurance performance and substrate utilization in aerobically trained women. Eight endurance-trained women completed a 24.2-km (15 mile) self-paced treadmill performance run under three conditions: CHO supplementation (S), CHO loading and supplementation (L+S), and placebo (P).