Bateman (Orchidaceae) and its relatives in South America.

A taxonomical study of and allied species recorded in South America is presented. The group is characterized by light pink to purple flowers, often with a white tip of the labellum and yellow to brown area on its throat. If considering the habit, the species can be recognized and distinguished from all other species by producing keikis-stems arising from the old inflorescence.

Characters evolution of Encyclia (Laeliinae-Orchidaceae) reveals a complex pattern not phylogenetically determined: insights from macro- and micromorphology.

Encyclia is the second-largest genus in the neotropical subtribe Laeliinae (Orchidaceae) and has more than 150 species, which are characterized by fairly consistent flower morphology. Its taxonomy and species boundaries, however, seem to be still under debate. In the present study, we first examined the lip micromorphology of 61 species of Encyclia sensu stricto.

Notes to the Taxonomic Affiliation of the Sect. (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) Based on Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses.

To solve the taxonomic affiliation of , the only known species of the sect. (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear markers, i.e.

(Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae), a New Orchid Species from Guatemala.

Guatemala is recognized for its diverse and rich flora and fauna. It is estimated that over 1200 orchid species, classified in 223 genera, are known to occur in this rather small, yet megadiverse country. While studying the diversity of this plant group in the department of Baja Verapaz, we found individuals that clearly belonged to the genus , but whose features did not fit any previously known species.

Floral attractants in the black orchid Brasiliorchis schunkeana (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): clues for presumed sapromyophily and potential antimicrobial activity.

Background: Orchids have evolved various strategies that aim to ensure their reproduction success. These may include the production of rewards for pollinators, or on the contrary, deception. Specific sets of features such as flower morphology, color, nectar, and odor presence (or lack thereof) are considered to determine suitability for pollination by different groups of animals.

Micromorphology of Labellum in Selected Sw. (Orchidaceae, Dendrobieae).

is one of the most species-rich genera of the Paleotropical orchids. It embraces more than 1000 species, most of which are epiphytes. The strong variation in floral characters causes many identification difficulties within this genus.

 (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae), a new remarkable species from Ecuador.

Neotropical genus Ruiz & Pav. belongs to one of the most diverse and species-rich groups of orchids. Several of its representatives are popular, horticultural plants with large and showy flowers, often nicely fragranced.

Chromosome Number and Genome Size Evolution in and (Sobralieae, Orchidaceae).

Despite the clear circumscription of tribe Sobralieae (Orchidaceae), its internal relationships are still dubious. The recently delimited genus , based on previous species, is now assumed to be paraphyletic, with a third genus, , nested in it. The morphology of these three genera is significantly different, indicating the necessity of new data for a better genera delimitation.

Ornithophily in the subtribe Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae) proven with a case study of Ornithidium fulgens in Guatemala.

Ornithophily has been long speculated to occur in the subtribe Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae), relying either solely on micromorphological analyses or scarce field observations of undefined species. In Guatemala we were able to observe regular visits of the azure-crowned hummingbirds feeding on flowers of Ornithidium fulgens. These observations have led us to investigation of floral attractants by means of scanning and transmission microscopy, histochemical and chemical analyses (GC-MS).

Species Phylogeny versus Gene Trees: A Case Study of an Incongruent Data Matrix Based on Pfitz. (Orchidaceae).

The phylogeny of the genus based on the plastome is consistent with morphological analysis. However, to date, none of the analyzed nuclear markers has confirmed this. Topology incongruence among the trees of different nuclear markers concerns entire sections of the subgenus .

Lectotypification of six names in the genus (Orchidaceae) described from J. J. Linden's collection.

The lectotypification of six names of species, originally described as Lind. (Orchidaceae), based on collections of Jean Jules Linden from locations that are currently in Venezuela and Colombia, is proposed. We also provide the number and location of duplicates of the type material.

Synopsis of s.l. (Orchidaceae) in New Guinea and adjacent islands.

A taxonomic synopsis of the orchid genus in New Guinea and adjacent islands is presented. We confirmed the occurrence of 27 species in study area. Sixteen of these are endemic and were not so far found outside New Guinea.

Synopsis of Ecuadorian (Orchidaceae).

A taxonomic synopsis of the orchid genus in Ecuador is presented. All national representatives of this genus are characterized and their floral segments are illustrated. Four new species and two new varieties are described.

Towards a taxonomic revision of the genus (Orchidaceae) in Northwestern South America (Northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela).

This article is a presentation of taxonomic diversity of the orchid genus in Northwestern South America. The morphological characteristics of over 90 species occurring in northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela are presented together with illustrations of their floral segments. Information about the distribution of each taxon is provided.

Taxonomic revision of the genus (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) in Colombia.

The geographical range of the orchid genus extends from USA, Central America, and the Caribbean to Bolivia and Argentina-with the greatest diversity observed in the Andean region. This taxon embraces herbs with the scape and basal leaves developing from a single, terminal bud and having the scape enclosed in several sheaths. The small, non-resupinate, flowers are arranged in a racemose inflorescence.

Synopsis of the genus (Orchidaceae) in Colombia.

The Neotropical orchid genus R. Br. was established in 1813.

First Guatemalan record of natural hybridisation between Neotropical species of the Lady's Slipper orchid (Orchidaceae, Cypripedioideae).

The first natural hybrid in the section of the orchid genus is described and illustrated based on Guatemalan material. A molecular evaluation of the discovery is provided. Specimens with intermediate flowers between and within ITS and sequences have the signal sequence of both these species.

Global warming not so harmful for all plants - response of holomycotrophic orchid species for the future climate change.

Current and expected changes in global climate are major threat for biological diversity affecting individuals, communities and ecosystems. However, there is no general trend in the plants response to the climate change. The aim of present study was to evaluate impact of the future climate changes on the distribution of holomycotrophic orchid species using ecological niche modeling approach.

Taxonomy of Cyrtochilum-alliance (Orchidaceae) in the light of molecular and morphological data.

Background: The generic separateness and specific composition of the orchid genus Cyrtochilum was discussed for almost two centuries. Over the years several smaller taxa were segregated from this taxon, but their separateness was recently questioned based on molecular studies outcomes. The aim of our study was to revise concepts of morphological-based generic delimitation in Cyrtochilum-alliance and to compare it with the results of genetic analysis.

Telipogon diabolicus (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae), a new species from southern Colombia.

A new species of the orchid genus Telipogon, Telipogon diabolicus, is described and illustrated. The information about its habitat is provided. The novelty resembles Telipogon tabanensis and Telipogon guacamayensis and it is characterized by the translucent flowers, the glabrous, distinctly clawed petals, the transversely elliptic lip, and the gynostemium ornamented with long setose hairs on both sides and shorter hairs at the apex.

Phylogenetic placement and taxonomy of the genus Hederorkis (Orchidaceae).

Three plastid regions, matK, rpl32-trnL and rpl16 intron and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to demonstrate a phylogenetic placement of the genus Hederorkis (Orchidaceae) for the first time. The taxonomic position of this genus has been unclear thus far.

Taxonomic position and phylogeny of the genus Vargasiella (Orchidaceae, Vandoideae) based on molecular and morphological evidence.

Since the description of the Neotropical genus Vargasiella in 1952, its taxonomic position has remained unclear, mainly due to a lack of sufficient data. In this study, the taxonomic position of Vargasiella was revised based on the outcomes of macro- and micromorphological studies, analyses of selected molecular markers and ecological methods of niche distribution modeling. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred using three DNA markers: matK, trnL-F and ITS sequences.

Taxonomic placement of Paphiopedilum canhii (Cypripedioideae; Orchidaceae) based on cytological, molecular and micromorphological evidence.

Paphiopedilum canhii was discovered in Northern Vietnam. Since its description in 2010, it has caused a stir among taxonomists due to its interesting mixture of morphological features, i.e.