Phytochemicals Controlling Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Virulence-Current Knowledge of Their Mechanisms of Action.

Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) is a common pathotype of that causes numerous outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. EHEC is a zoonotic pathogen that is transmitted from animals to humans. Ruminants, particularly cattle, are considered important reservoirs for virulent EHEC strains.

Antibacterial activity of t-cinnamaldehyde: An approach to its mechanistic principle towards enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC).

Background: Compounds of natural origin are potent source of drugs with unique mechanisms of action. Among phytochemicals, trans-cinnamaldehyde (t-CA) exhibits a wide range of biological activity, thus has been used for centuries to fight bacterial and fungal infections. However, the molecular basis of these properties has not been fully covered.

Studies of Streptococcus anginosus Virulence in Dictyostelium discoideum and Galleria mellonella Models.

For many years, Streptococcus anginosus has been considered a commensal colonizing the oral cavity, as well as the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. However, recent epidemiological and clinical data designate this bacterium as an emerging opportunistic pathogen. Despite the reported pathogenicity of S.

How to Tackle Bacteriophages: The Review of Approaches with Mechanistic Insight.

Bacteriophage-based applications have a renaissance today, increasingly marking their use in industry, medicine, food processing, biotechnology, and more. However, phages are considered resistant to various harsh environmental conditions; besides, they are characterized by high intra-group variability. Phage-related contaminations may therefore pose new challenges in the future due to the wider use of phages in industry and health care.

Increased Levels of (p)ppGpp Correlate with Virulence and Biofilm Formation, but Not with Growth, in Strains of Uropathogenic .

Urinary tract infections are one of the most frequent bacterial diseases worldwide. UPECs are the most prominent group of bacterial strains among pathogens responsible for prompting such infections. As a group, these extra-intestinal infection-causing bacteria have developed specific features that allow them to sustain and develop in their inhabited niche of the urinary tract.

Three Microbial Musketeers of the Seas: , and , and Their Adaptation to Different Salinity Probed by a Proteomic Approach.

Osmotic changes are common challenges for marine microorganisms. Bacteria have developed numerous ways of dealing with this stress, including reprogramming of global cellular processes. However, specific molecular adaptation mechanisms to osmotic stress have mainly been investigated in terrestrial model bacteria.

Evaluation of the Anti-Shigellosis Activity of Dietary Isothiocyanates in Larvae.

Cruciferous vegetables, widely present in daily diets, are a rich source of organosulfur compounds with proven health benefits, especially chemopreventive or antioxidative effects. Isothiocyanate derivatives (ITCs) exhibit a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activity and recently, their antibacterial properties have been of particular importance. Here, we have focused on the anti-shigellosis activity of sulforaphane (SFN) and phenethyl ITC (PEITC).

Dietary Isothiocyanates, Sulforaphane and 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Effectively Impair Virulence.

represents a constant threat to public health, causing widespread infections, especially in developing countries with a significant number of fatalities and serious complications every year. The standard treatment by oral rehydration does not eliminate the source of infection, while increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic strains makes the therapy difficult. Thus, we assessed the antibacterial potential of plant-derived phytoncides, isothiocyanates (ITC), against O365 strain.

Induction of the Stringent Response Underlies the Antimicrobial Action of Aliphatic Isothiocyanates.

Bacterial resistance to known antibiotics comprises a serious threat to public health. Propagation of multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains is a reason for undertaking a search for new therapeutic strategies, based on newly developed chemical compounds and the agents present in nature. Moreover, antibiotic treatment of infections caused by enterotoxin toxin-bearing strain-enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) is considered hazardous and controversial due to the possibility of induction of bacteriophage-encoded toxin production by the antibiotic-mediated stress.

The Effect of the Ultra-Marathon Run at a Distance of 100 Kilometers on the Concentration of Selected Adipokines in Adult Men.

Pro-inflammatory adipokines have a multifunctional role in adipogenesis, angiogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of running a 100 km ultra-marathon on serum levels of two adipokines: resistin and chemerin. Fifteen male participants complete a medical questionnaire and their body composition is assessed.

Factors Related to Cardiac Troponin T Increase after Participation in a 100 Km Ultra-Marathon.

Background: Intensive and prolonged exercise leads to a rise of troponin concentration in blood. The mechanism responsible for troponin release during exercise remains ill-defined. The study aim was to search for risk factors of troponin increase after a prolonged endurance competition.

Various modes of action of dietary phytochemicals, sulforaphane and phenethyl isothiocyanate, on pathogenic bacteria.

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from cruciferous plants reveal antibacterial activity, although detailed mechanism is not fully elucidated. Recently it has been reported that ITCs induce the stringent response in Escherichia coli strains. The aim of this work was to determine whether two isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), similarly as in E.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance with parametric mapping in long-term ultra-marathon runners.

Purpose: There is a direct reverse dose-effect relationship between the amount of physical activity and cardiovascular risk. It is unknown whether this is true for extreme, persistent endurance training. The aim of the study was to assess structural changes of the heart in long-time ultra-marathon runners with special focus on myocardial fibrosis using parametric mapping.

Left ventricular hypertrophy in middle-aged endurance athletes: is it blood pressure related?

Both regular physical activity and hypertension may be related to increased myocardial thickness, but the interplay between these two factors in causing cardiac remodeling in athletes is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between resting and peak exercise blood pressure (BP) and myocardial hypertrophy in healthy middle-aged amateur endurance athletes. The study included 30 male, long-term athletes (mean age 40.

Somatic characteristics and motor fitness of elite and sub-elite Polish male badminton players.

Background: An appropriate level of somatic and fitness traits is believed to contribute to success in an international badminton competitions however, these have not been sufficiently explored in elite Polish badminton players. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess somatic build and physical fitness of elite and sub-elite Polish badminton players and to identify key traits that determine achieving sporting success in badminton.

Methods: The study participants comprised 20 men from the Polish Badminton National Teams A (elite; N.

Isothiocyanates as effective agents against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: insight to the mode of action.

Production of Shiga toxins by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) which is responsible for the pathogenicity of these strains, is strictly correlated with induction of lambdoid bacteriophages present in the host's genome, replication of phage DNA and expression of stx genes. Antibiotic treatment of EHEC infection may lead to induction of prophage into a lytic development, thus increasing the risk of severe complications. This, together with the spread of multi-drug resistance, increases the need for novel antimicrobial agents.

Defects in RNA polyadenylation impair both lysogenization by and lytic development of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages.

In Escherichia coli, the major poly(A) polymerase (PAP I) is encoded by the pcnB gene. In this report, a significant impairment of lysogenization by Shiga toxin-converting (Stx) bacteriophages (Φ24B, 933W, P22, P27 and P32) is demonstrated in host cells with a mutant pcnB gene. Moreover, lytic development of these phages after both infection and prophage induction was significantly less efficient in the pcnB mutant than in the WT host.

Measles outbreak registered by the District Sanitary-Epidemiological Station in Częstochowa in 2013.

Introduction: Since 2001, Poland has been committed to measles elimination programme coordinated by the World Health Organization. This programme is intended to sustain 95% coverage with measles vaccines and ensure laboratory confirmation of suspected measles cases. In 2013, a total of 89 measles cases were reported in Poland.

Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits shiga toxin production in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli by stringent response induction.

The pathogenicity of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) depends on production of Shiga toxins, which are encoded by stx genes located in the genomes of lambdoid prophages. Efficient expression of these genes requires prophage induction and lytic development of phages. Treatment of EHEC infections is problematic due to not only the resistance of various strains to antibiotics but also the fact that many antibiotics cause prophage induction, thus resulting in high-level expression of stx genes.

ppGpp-dependent negative control of DNA replication of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages in Escherichia coli.

The pathogenicity of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains depends on the production of Shiga toxins that are encoded on lambdoid prophages. Effective production of these toxins requires prophage induction and subsequent phage replication. Previous reports indicated that lytic development of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages is inhibited in amino acid-starved bacteria.

Replicating DNA by cell factories: roles of central carbon metabolism and transcription in the control of DNA replication in microbes, and implications for understanding this process in human cells.

Precise regulation of DNA replication is necessary to ensure the inheritance of genetic features by daughter cells after each cell division. Therefore, determining how the regulatory processes operate to control DNA replication is crucial to our understanding and application to biotechnological processes. Contrary to early concepts of DNA replication, it appears that this process is operated by large, stationary nucleoprotein complexes, called replication factories, rather than by single enzymes trafficking along template molecules.

[Adverse events following immunization reported to the district sanitary-epidemiological station in Czestochowa in 2006-2010].

Introduction: Obligatory reporting of adverse effects following immunization (AEFI) was introduced in Poland in 1995. In 2006-2010 number of AEFI reported to the District Sanitary-Epidemiological Station in Czestochowa was 70. For the same period in the whole country 4552 cases were reported.

Central carbon metabolism influences fidelity of DNA replication in Escherichia coli.

Recent studies indicated that there is a direct link between central carbon metabolism (CCM) and initiation and elongation of DNA replication in Eschericha coli. Namely, effects of certain mutations in genes coding for replication proteins (dnaA, dnaB, dnaE, dnaG, and dnaN) could be specifically suppressed by deletions of some genes, whose products are involved in CCM reactions (pta, ackA, pgi, tktB, and gpmA). Here, we demonstrate that the link between CCM and DNA synthesis can be extended to the DNA replication fidelity, as we report changes of the mutator phenotypes of E.

Genetic response to metabolic fluctuations: correlation between central carbon metabolism and DNA replication in Escherichia coli.

Background: Until now, the direct link between central carbon metabolism and DNA replication has been demonstrated only in Bacillus. subtilis. Therefore, we asked if this is a specific phenomenon, characteristic for this bacterium and perhaps for its close relatives, or a more general biological rule.

[Physical fitness of short-statured children at the early-school age].

Introduction: Unique somatic build, structure, composition and functioning of the body of short-statured children bring about uneven chances compared to other children performing physical fitness test. Evaluation of physical fitness of short-statured children is even more important in the con-text of widely used in a school practice uniform assessment criteria.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the physical fitness of overweight or normal-weight, short-statured children, as measured by the EUROFIT test.