Deciphering Carotenoid and Flowering Pathway Gene Variations in Eastern and Western Carrots ( L.).

Background/objectives: Carrot is a major root vegetable in the owing to its abundant carotenoids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. The modern dark orange western carrot was derived from sequential domestication events from the white-rooted wild form to the pale orange-, purple-, or yellow-rooted eastern carrot. Genetic and molecular studies between eastern and western carrots are meager despite their evolutionary relatedness.

Polymorphic insertions of DcSto miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements reveal genetic diversity structure within the cultivated carrot.

Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are a potent source of polymorphisms in plant genomes. A genotyping system, named DcS-ILP, based on polymorphic insertions of Stowaway MITEs (DcStos) localized in introns and identified in the reference genome DH1, has been developed for carrot. Here, we report an extension of the DcS-ILP genotyping system by incorporation of non-reference insertions identified in resequenced genomes representing the eastern gene pool.

Comparative analysis of the carrot miRNAome in response to salt stress.

Soil salinity adversely affects the yield and quality of crops, including carrot. During salt stress, plant growth and development are impaired by restricted water uptake and ion cytotoxicity, leading to nutrient imbalance and oxidative burst. However, the molecular mechanisms of the carrot plant response to salt stress remain unclear.

Population genomics identifies genetic signatures of carrot domestication and improvement and uncovers the origin of high-carotenoid orange carrots.

Here an improved carrot reference genome and resequencing of 630 carrot accessions were used to investigate carrot domestication and improvement. The study demonstrated that carrot was domesticated during the Early Middle Ages in the region spanning western Asia to central Asia, and orange carrot was selected during the Renaissance period, probably in western Europe. A progressive reduction of genetic diversity accompanied this process.

The Retinoblastoma-related gene RBL901 can trigger drought response actions in potato.

This study provided new insights into response of potato to drought stress.

Transcriptomic and metabolic studies on the role of inorganic and organic iodine compounds in lettuce plants.

Iodine (I) is considered a beneficial element or even micronutrient for plants. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular and physiological processes of uptake, transport, and metabolism of I applied to lettuce plants. KIO, KIO + salicylic acid, 5-iodosalicylic acid and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid were applied.

Influencing Factors of L. Hyperaccumulating Cadmium Explored by the Real-Time Uptake of Cd Influx around Root Apexes under Different Exogenous Nutrient Ion Levels.

Though L. has been confirmed to be a potential Cd hyperaccumulator, the accumulation mechanism is not yet clear. The dynamic and real-time uptake of Cd influx by root apexes was determined using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT), which partly explored the influencing factors of the Cd hyperaccumulation mechanism under the conditions of different exogenous nutrient ions.

The effects of salinity and pH variation on hyperaccumulator Bidens pilosa L. accumulating cadmium with dynamic and real-time uptake of Cd influx around its root apexes.

Bidens pilosa L. has been confirmed to be a potential Cd hyperaccumulator by some researchers, but the dynamic and real-time uptake of Cd influx by B. pilosa root apexes was a conundrum up to now.

Cadmium phytoextraction efficiency of hyperaccumulator as affected by harvest stage in three continuous years.

Phytoremediation which mainly using hyperaccumulator is a very popular and environmental-friendly clean method. Long term continuous test is very important due to its low remediation efficiency in a growth period. Cd hyperaccumulator Rorippa globosa (Turcz.

A review of strategies used to identify transposition events in plant genomes.

Transposable elements (TEs) were initially considered redundant and dubbed 'junk DNA'. However, more recently they were recognized as an essential element of genome plasticity. In nature, they frequently become active upon exposition of the host to stress conditions.

Understanding the Role of Auxin Carrier Genes under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in L.

The PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins represent the most important polar auxin transporters in plants. Here, we characterized the gene family in two olive genotypes, the subsp. var.

Mechanism exploration of Solanum nigrum L. hyperaccumulating Cd compared to Zn from the perspective of metabolic pathways based on differentially expressed proteins using iTRAQ.

It is challenging to determine the mechanism involved in only Cd hyperaccumulation by Solanum nigrum L. owing to the uniqueness of the process. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used to explore the mechanism by which S.

Diverse and mobile: eccDNA-based identification of carrot low-copy-number LTR retrotransposons active in callus cultures.

Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are mobilized via an RNA intermediate using a 'copy and paste' mechanism, and account for the majority of repetitive DNA in plant genomes. As a side effect of mobilization, the formation of LTR-RT-derived extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) occurs. Thus, high-throughput sequencing of eccDNA can be used to identify active LTR-RTs in plant genomes.

A Global Landscape of Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements in the Carrot Genome.

Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are the most abundant group of Class II mobile elements in plant genomes. Their presence in genic regions may alter gene structure and expression, providing a new source of functional diversity. Owing to their small size and lack of coding capacity, the identification of MITEs has been demanding.

Characteristics of the () Genes in Carrot Provides Insight into Their Role in Plant Growth and Storage Root Development.

The gene family, controlling various developmental processes, is conserved in land plants. They comprise Plant and Prokaryote Conserved (PPC) domain and one or two AT-hook motifs. has been proposed as a candidate gene governing the formation of the carrot storage root.

New Aspects of Uptake and Metabolism of Non-organic and Organic Iodine Compounds-The Role of Vanadium and Plant-Derived Thyroid Hormone Analogs in Lettuce.

The process of uptake and translocation of non-organic iodine (I) ions, I and IO , has been relatively well-described in literature. The situation is different for low-molecular-weight organic aromatic I compounds, as data on their uptake or metabolic pathway is only fragmentary. The aim of this study was to determine the process of uptake, transport, and metabolism of I applied to lettuce plants by fertigation as KIO, KIO + salicylic acid (KIO+SA), and iodosalicylates, 5-iodosalicylic acid (5-ISA) and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (3,5-diISA), depending on whether additional fertilization with vanadium (V) was used.

Genetic diversity structure of western-type carrots.

Background: Carrot is a crop with a wide range of phenotypic and molecular diversity. Within cultivated carrots, the western gene pool comprises types characterized by different storage root morphology. First western carrot cultivars originated from broad-based populations.

Persistence of pv. in Field Soil in Central Europe.

pv. () is a bacterium that causes black rot of crucifers. The greatest losses of brassica crop production usually result from seed-borne infection, but carry-over of inoculum in field soil may also be possible.

Mining for Candidate Genes Controlling Secondary Growth of the Carrot Storage Root.

Background: Diverse groups of carrot cultivars have been developed to meet consumer demands and industry needs. Varietal groups of the cultivated carrot are defined based on the shape of roots. However, little is known about the genetic basis of root shape determination.

miniature inverted repeat transposable elements are important agents driving recent genomic diversity in wild and cultivated carrot.

Background: Miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are small non-autonomous DNA transposons that are ubiquitous in plant genomes, and are mobilised by their autonomous relatives. MITEs are derived from and mobilised by elements from the superfamily. Those elements constitute a significant portion of the carrot genome; however the variation caused by MITEs (s), their association with genes and their putative impact on genome evolution has not been comprehensively analysed.

MicroRNAs in cv. Chardonnay Are Differentially Expressed in Response to Species.

species are important pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on grapevines. Several species are known, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, as causal agents of many relevant diseases, including swelling arm, trunk cankers, leaf spots, root and fruit rots, wilts, and cane bleaching. A growing body of evidence exists that a class of small non-coding endogenous RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation, during plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Comparative Transcriptomics of Root Development in Wild and Cultivated Carrots.

The carrot is the most popular root vegetable worldwide. The genetic makeup underlying the development of the edible storage root are fragmentary. Here, we report the first comparative transcriptome analysis between wild and cultivated carrot roots at multiple developmental stages.

AOX1-Subfamily Gene Members in Olea europaea cv. "Galega Vulgar"-Gene Characterization and Expression of Transcripts during IBA-Induced in Vitro Adventitious Rooting.

Propagation of some Olea europaea L. cultivars is strongly limited due to recalcitrant behavior in adventitious root formation by semi-hardwood cuttings. One example is the cultivar "Galega vulgar".

Inferring transposons activity chronology by TRANScendence - TEs database and de-novo mining tool.

Background: The constant progress in sequencing technology leads to ever increasing amounts of genomic data. In the light of current evidence transposable elements (TEs for short) are becoming useful tools for learning about the evolution of host genome. Therefore the software for genome-wide detection and analysis of TEs is of great interest.

Miniature Inverted Repeat Transposable Element Insertions Provide a Source of Intron Length Polymorphism Markers in the Carrot ( L.).

The prevalence of non-autonomous class II transposable elements (TEs) in plant genomes may serve as a tool for relatively rapid and low-cost development of gene-associated molecular markers. Miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) copies inserted within introns can be exploited as potential intron length polymorphism (ILP) markers. ILPs can be detected by PCR with primers anchored in exon sequences flanking the target introns.