Powering Agriculture IoT Sensors Using Natural Temperature Differences Between Air and Soil: Measurement and Evaluation.

As the need to monitor agriculture parameters intensifies, the development of new sensor nodes for data collection is crucial. These sensor types naturally require power for operation, but conventional battery-based power solutions have certain limitations. This study investigates the potential of harnessing the natural temperature gradient between soil and air to power wireless sensor nodes deployed in environments such as agricultural areas or remote off-grid locations where the use of batteries as a power source is impractical.

IoT Sensor Challenges for Geothermal Energy Installations Monitoring: A Survey.

Geothermal energy installations are becoming increasingly common in new city developments and renovations. With a broad range of technological applications and improvements in this field, the demand for suitable monitoring technologies and control processes for geothermal energy installations is also growing. This article identifies opportunities for the future development and deployment of IoT sensors applied to geothermal energy installations.

Erroneous Vehicle Velocity Estimation Correction Using Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) Sensors.

Magnetic field sensors installed in the road infrastructure can be used for autonomous traffic flow parametrization. Although the main goal of such a measuring system is the recognition of the class of vehicle and classification, velocity is the essential parameter for further calculation and it must be estimated with high reliability. In-field test campaigns, during actual traffic conditions, showed that commonly accepted velocity estimation methods occasionally produce highly erroneous results.

Research of Distorted Vehicle Magnetic Signatures Recognitions, for Length Estimation in Real Traffic Conditions.

Reliable cost-effective traffic monitoring stations are a key component of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). While modern surveillance camera systems provide a high amount of data, due to high installation price or invasion of drivers' personal privacy, they are not the right technology. Therefore, in this paper we introduce a traffic flow parameterization system, using a built-in pavement sensing hub of a pair of AMR (anisotropic magneto resistance) magnetic field and MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) accelerometer sensors.

Analysis of Methods for Long Vehicles Speed Estimation Using Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) Sensors and Reference Piezoelectric Sensor.

With rapidly increasing traffic occupancy, intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are a vital feature for urban areas. This paper analyses methods for estimating long (L > 10 m) vehicle speed and length using a self-developed system, equipped with two anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensors, and introduces a method for verifying the results. A well-known cross-correlation method of magnetic signatures is not appropriate for calculating the vehicle speed of long vehicles owing to limited resources and a long calculation time.

Vehicle Speed and Length Estimation Errors Using the Intelligent Transportation System with a Set of Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) Sensors.

Seeking an effective method for estimating the speed and length of a car is still a challenge for engineers and scientists who work on intelligent transportation systems. This paper focuses on a self-developed system equipped with four anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensors which are placed on a road lane. The piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensors are also mounted and used as a reference device.

Practical Methods for Vehicle Speed Estimation Using a Microprocessor-Embedded System with AMR Sensors.

The proper operation of computing resources in a microprocessor-embedded system plays a key role in reducing computing time. Processing the variable amount of collected data in real-time improves the performance of a microprocessor-embedded system. In this regard, a vehicle’s speed measurement system is no exception.

Feasibility research of non-invasive methods for interstitial fluid level measurement.

This article explores a non-invasive method to determine interstitial fluid level and pressure in tissue. Interdigital electrodes were chosen by simulated results in software "Comsol multiphysis 4.3a".

Vehicle Speed and Length Estimation Using Data from Two Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) Sensors.

Methods for estimating a car's length are presented in this paper, as well as the results achieved by using a self-designed system equipped with two anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensors, which were placed on a road lane. The purpose of the research was to compare the lengths of mid-size cars, i.e.

Dynamic Vehicle Detection via the Use of Magnetic Field Sensors.

The vehicle detection process plays the key role in determining the success of intelligent transport management system solutions. The measurement of distortions of the Earth's magnetic field using magnetic field sensors served as the basis for designing a solution aimed at vehicle detection. In accordance with the results obtained from research into process modeling and experimentally testing all the relevant hypotheses an algorithm for vehicle detection using the state criteria was proposed.