Successful Management of Acetamiprid Intoxication in a Captive Eurasian Goshawk ().

A captive, 1-year-old, male Eurasian goshawk () weighing 0.85 kg and owned by a falconer was presented with a history of acute onset of weakness, dyspnea, diarrhea, and regurgitation of a fresh-thawed pigeon contaminated with acetamiprid, an insecticide used in the raptor enclosure. The raptor had eaten the contaminated pigeon approximately 10-12 hours earlier.

Pain Management for Gastrointestinal Conditions in Exotic Animals.

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are very common in exotic animals, such as reptiles, birds, mammals, and can be extremely painful. This review aims to provide the reader with a better understanding of the different pain mechanisms and manifestations across orders and species in order to provide the most updated information on pain recognition and management for GI conditions in exotic animals.

Comparison of two haemostasis techniques on procedural duration, postoperative pain and gastrointestinal function in pet rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Ovariohysterectomy is a common surgical procedure in pet rabbits and one of its potential complications is postoperative gastrointestinal stasis, possibly exacerbated by prolonged surgery time. The objective of this prospective clinical study was to compare two techniques for surgical haemostasis with respect to procedural duration, postoperative pain, and return of gastrointestinal function, in 22 female rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Rabbits were assigned to one of two groups: conventional vessel ligation (CVL) and haemostasis with a vessel sealing device (VSD).

Unilateral segmental uterine horn hypoplasia with fallopian tube aplasia in a guinea pig (Caviaporcellus).

A 2-year-3-month-old female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) was referred for lethargy, weight gain and severe abdominal pain. Ultrasound examination revealed thickening and enlargement of the left uterine horn and an unremarkable right uterine horn. The animal died during ovariohysterectomy due to respiratory and cardiac arrest.

Current practice for the chemical immobilisation of non-domestic feline species: An online survey study.

Background: Safe chemical immobilisation of wild felids is essential for both conservational management and clinical purposes. However, little is known about drug protocols and current practice.

Methods: This study was designed as an online survey based on a questionnaire.

Hirstiella spp. Infestation in A Client-Owned Iguana (Iguana Iguana) Associated With Skin Lesions on its Owner.

A green iguana (Iguana iguana) was presented for severe pruritus, dysecdysis, reduced appetite, lethargy, and the presence of dark red spots on the entire body. A pruritic dermatitis was present on the owner's arms as well. Parasitological examination (light microscopy) performed on the affected iguana, via skin scraping and acetate tape test, revealed numerous Hirstiella spp.

Zoonotic Dermatoses of Exotic Companion Mammals.

Integumentary disorders caused by zoonotic agents are very common in exotic companion mammals. This article provides an understanding of the main zoonotic dermatoses including parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases to provide the most updated information on their epidemiology, diagnosis, reported clinical signs, and therapies.

Problem-Oriented Approach in Exotic Companion Mammals.

Dermatologic disorders are some of the most common conditions affecting exotic companion mammals. This article provides a clinical approach of the conditions presenting with alopecia, pruritus, scaling/crusting, erosion/ulceration, and nodules in order to select and interpret the appropriate diagnostic tests to achieve a diagnosis for a successful treatment.

Successful management of fipronil toxicosis in two pet rabbits.

Background: Antiparasitic drug toxicosis is commonly described in dogs and cats, but reports on the management of antiparasitic drug toxicities in pet rabbits are scarce. Here, we describe the successful clinical management of two pet rabbits with fipronil toxicosis.

Cases Description: The first case was a 5-month-old, intact female, rabbit that presented with the acute onset of seizures, obtunded mentation, and in lateral recumbency, while the second rabbit was a 1-year-old, intact male, rabbit that presented with anorexia and lethargy.

Efficacy of a spot-on combination of fluralaner plus moxidectin against naturally acquired Sarcoptes scabiei infestation in 10 pet rabbits: Retrospective case series.

Background: Current treatments for sarcoptic mange in rabbits mainly include administration of avermectines every 10-30 days. Recently, a single oral dose of fluralaner has been shown to be effective to treat sarcoptic mange in 12 pet rabbits over a three-month period.

Objectives: To retrospectively assess the efficacy of a spot-on combination of fluralaner plus moxidectin (Bravecto Plus) for the treatment of sarcoptic mange in rabbits.

An Observational Survey Study on the Use of Locoregional Anaesthesia in Non-Conventional Species: Current Practice and Potential Future Developments.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the current attitudes of veterinarians towards the use of locoregional anaesthesia in non-conventional animal species and to identify areas for future useful research on this topic. A questionnaire was circulated online. A total of 417 veterinarians, including American and European specialists/specialists-in-training in both zoological medicine and anaesthesia/analgesia (ACZM/ECZM and ACVAA/ECVAA), participated in the study.

ISOFLURANE ANESTHESIA IN BUDWING PRAYING MANTISES ().

Praying mantises have gained increasing popularity as pets and may be anesthetized to allow morphological identification and clinical procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and anesthetic-related complications of isoflurane in oxygen in 15 client-owned budwing mantises () undergoing photographic identification. Each mantis was placed in a self-constructed anesthetic chamber and exposed to a mixture of approximately 5% isoflurane in oxygen until anesthetic induction was achieved.

A clinical retrospective study of Caparinia tripilis (Psoroptidae) mite dermatitis in pet African pygmy hedgehogs (Ateletrix albiventris) in southern Italy.

Background: Caparinia tripilis is a common ectoparasitic mite affecting African pygmy hedgehogs, and is associated with pruritus and self-trauma. There have been no published surveys on the prevalence of such mites in pet African pygmy hedgehogs in Italy.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and clinical signs of C.

Efficacy of Fluralaner in the Treatment of Sarcoptic Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in 12 Pet Rabbits.

Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi are cutaneous mites of companion rabbits. In rabbits, sarcoptic mange is characterized by intense pruritus, alopecia, erythema, scales, and crusts around the head, neck, trunk, feet, and genitals.

Mandibular nerve block in juvenile Nile crocodile: a cadaveric study.

Objective: To develop a technique for performing the mandibular nerve block in Nile crocodiles.

Study Design: Experimental cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 16 juvenile Nile crocodile heads.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography for suspected ureteral obstruction in 6 pet guinea pigs ().

Objectives: To describe the feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography (US-PAP) in pet guinea pigs () with suspected ureteral obstruction.

Materials And Methods: Six adult pet guinea pigs (4 females and 2 males, all intact) were evaluated for suspected ureteral obstruction. The mean weight of the guinea pigs was 0.

Anesthesia and Anesthetic-Related Complications of 8 Elegant-Crested Tinamous () Undergoing Experimental Surgery.

The aim of this study was to describe the anesthetic effects of an injectable anesthetic protocol, based on ketamine, midazolam, and medetomidine, followed by inhalational sevoflurane, in 8 elegant-crested tinamous () undergoing experimental surgery. Initial doses for both injectable agents were tested in 1 bird and then refined with an algorithm based on the effects observed in the pilot procedure. Heart and respiratory rates, as well as nociceptive reflexes, were evaluated before anesthesia (baseline) and intraoperatively, at 10 minute intervals.

Technological Advances in Exotic Pet Anesthesia and Analgesia.

Even when performed by skilled operators, locating the nerves can be challenging in small exotic pets; in such cases, the use of an electrical nerve stimulator may be useful to confirm the correct identification of the target nerve. Exotic animal anesthesia and analgesia have dramatically progressed over the past decade and continue to do so as more research and technologies develop. Technological advancements such as airway devices, endoscopic intubation techniques, positive intermittent pressure ventilators, and invasive and noninvasive blood pressure monitors have played a significant role in improving patient safety and the anesthetic outcomes of exotic animals.

Immersion anaesthesia with ethanol in African giant land snails ().

Giant African land snails () are becoming increasingly popular pets and may be anaesthetised to allow diagnostics and surgical procedures. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anaesthetic effects and anaesthetic-related complications of immersion in 5% ethanol in client-owned African pet land snails, anaesthetised to allow biopsies of the foot for screening of parasites. Variables such as minutes elapsing from immersion to anaesthetic induction and from removal from the bath to return of tentacle withdrawal reflex and recovery from anaesthesia were recorded, as well as the occurrence of adverse effects.

Occurrence of Rhabditid Nematodes in the Pet Giant African Land Snails ().

Gastropods comprise nearly 60,000 species of aquatic as well as terrestrial mollusks, primarily snails and slugs. The giant African land snail () is one of the most popular pet snails worldwide. This gastropod mollusk is known as the intermediate host of several parasites that cause severe diseases in pets, free-ranging vertebrates, and humans.