Photodynamic therapy reduces viability, enhances itraconazole activity, and impairs mitochondrial physiology of Sporothrix brasiliensis.

Sporothrix brasiliensis is the main agent of sporotrichosis in Brazil, with few therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro efficacy of photodynamic therapy using a diode laser (InGaAIP) in combination with the photosensitizer methylene blue against S. brasiliensis yeasts.

The biofilm produced by Cryptococcus neoformans protects the fungus from the antifungal and anti-melanin effects of cyclosporine.

Understanding Cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis requires a detailed analysis of the various virulence factors that contribute to its ability to cause disease. Cyclosporine, calcineurin inhibitor, impairs C. neoformans production of a polysaccharide capsule and secretion of urease, which are critical for cryptococcal pathogenesis.

Auranofin is active against Histoplasma capsulatum and reduces the expression of virulence-related genes.

Background: Auranofin is an approved anti-rheumatic drug that has a broad-range inhibitory action against several microorganisms, including human pathogenic fungi. The auranofin activity against Histoplasma capsulatum, the dimorphic fungus that causes histoplasmosis, has not been properly addressed. Since there are few therapeutic options for this life-threatening systemic mycosis, this study evaluated the effects of auranofin on H.

Revealing the impact of Rapamycin on the virulence factors of the complex.

The incidence of invasive fungal infections caused by species is increasing, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. This increasing incidence poses a dual challenge, comprising escalating antifungal resistance and the necessity for accurate fungal identification. The complex further complicates these challenges due to limited identification tools.

Hazards Associated with the Combined Application of Fungicides and Poultry Litter in Agricultural Areas.

In recent decades, the poultry farming industry has assumed a pivotal role in meeting the global demand for affordable animal proteins. While poultry farming makes a substantial contribution to food security and nutrition, it also presents environmental and public health challenges. The use of poultry litter as fertilizer for agricultural soils raises concerns about the transfer of pathogens and drug-resistant microorganisms from poultry farms to crop production areas.

Effect of rapamycin on : cellular organization, biophysics and virulence factors.

is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes infections mainly in immunosuppressed individuals, such as transplant recipients. This study investigated the effects of rapamycin, an immunosuppressant drug, on the cellular organization, biophysical characteristics, and main virulence factors of . Morphological, structural, physicochemical and biophysical analyses of cells and secreted polysaccharides of the reference H99 strain were investigated under the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of rapamycin.

isavuconazole activity against suggests its efficacy in some severe sporotrichosis cases.

causes sporotrichosis, an important infection in some groups of patients. This work was designed to investigate the effects of isavuconazole against this species. An antifungal susceptibility test was performed to compare MIC values with other antifungal drugs used to treat sporotrichosis.

Metabolic Plasticity and Virulence-Associated Factors of Strains Related to Familiar Outbreaks of Cat-to-Human Transmitted Sporotrichosis.

is the main agent of zoonotic sporotrichosis transmitted by domestic cats in South America. In humans, sporotrichosis commonly presents with cutaneous or lymphocutaneous lesions, and in cats, with multiple ulcerated skin lesions associated with enlarged lymph nodes and respiratory signs. Fungal virulence factors may affect the clinical presentation of the mycoses.

Metabolic and morphostructural plasticity of environmental and animal strains of Nannizzia gypsea.

Nannizzia gypsea is a geophylic agent of human and animal dermatophytosis. This study compares the metabolic and morphostructural plasticity of N. gypsea strains isolated from moss, sand, and a dog.

Cyclosporine Affects the Main Virulence Factors of In Vitro.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of cyclosporine on the morphology, cell wall structure, and secretion characteristics of . The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cyclosporine was found to be 2 µM (2.4 µg/mL) for the H99 strain.

Clinical Challenges of Emerging and Re-Emerging Yeast Infections in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the geological eras, some fungi, through adaptation and/or environmental/ecological pressure, interacted directly and indirectly with humans, through occasionally harmful interaction interdependent on the individual's immunological condition. Infections caused by yeasts are underreported, subjugated, and underdiagnosed, and treatment is restricted to a few drugs, even after the significant progress of medicine and pharmacology. In the last centuries, antagonistically, there has been an exponential increase of immunocompromised individuals due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids, increased cases of transplants, chemotherapeutics, autoimmune diseases, neoplasms, and, more recently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Biochemical characterization of a Kunitz inhibitor from Inga edulis seeds with antifungal activity against Candida spp.

We describe the characterization of IETI, the first trypsin inhibitor purified from Inga edulis, a tree widely distributed in Brazil. Two-step chromatography was used to purify IETI, a protein composed of a single peptide chain of 19,685.10 Da.