Goldfish as a model for studying the effect of hypernatremia on blood plasma lipoproteins.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of hypernatremia on the organization of blood plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) in goldfish; to compare the state of hypernatremia in fish and humans; to assess the possible risks and consequences of the effect of hypernatremia on human plasma lipoproteins.

Methods: The fish were acclimated for 20 days at a critical salinity of 11.5 g/L; after that the salt water was gradually "desalinated".

Involvement of apolipoprotein A in maintaining tissue fluid balance in goldfish Carassius auratus.

Mammalian plasma proteins play a key role in maintaining tissue fluid balance because they are retained within capillaries and thus create colloid osmotic pressure. Likewise, fish plasma contain a considerable concentration oligomeric proteins which likely serve a similar role. To elucidate the functions of these oligomeric proteins, we analyzed blood serum (BS) and interstitial fluid (IF) complexes in goldfish from the wild and under experimental conditions using 2D electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI).