Effects of maternal vitamin B6 deficiency and over-supplementation on DNA damage and oxidative stress in rat dams and their offspring.

Vitamin B6 is a cofactor for more than 140 essential enzymes and plays an important role in maternal health and fetal development. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal vitamin B6 on DNA damage and oxidative stress status in rat dams and their offspring. Female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three dietary groups fed a standard diet (control diet), a diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg of vitamin B6, or a deficient diet (0 mg/kg of vitamin B6) for 10 weeks before and during mating, pregnancy and lactation.

Methionine concentration in the diet has a tissue-specific effect on chromosomal stability in female mice.

Inadequate nutrient intake can influence the genome. Since methionine is an essential amino acid that may influence DNA integrity due to its role in the one-carbon metabolism pathway, we were interested in whether methionine imbalance can lead to genotoxic events. Adult female Swiss mice were fed a control (0.

In vivo genotoxicity and oxidative stress evaluation of an ethanolic extract from piquiá (Caryocar villosum) pulp.

In this study, the ethanolic extract obtained from piquiá pulp was assessed for genotoxicity and oxidative stress by employing the micronucleus test in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells in addition to comet, thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione assays in the liver, kidney, and heart. Additionally, phytochemical analyses were performed to identify and quantify the chemical constituents of the piquiá extract. Wistar rats were treated by gavage with an ethanolic extract from piquiá pulp (75 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days, and 24 h prior to euthanasia, they received an injection of saline or doxorubicin (15 mg/kg body weight, intraperoneally).

Evaluation of the antihypertensive properties of yellow passion fruit pulp (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Various species of the genus Passiflora have been extensively used in traditional medicine as sedatives, anxiolytics, diuretics and analgesics. In the present study, after the identification and quantification of phytochemical compounds from yellow passion fruit pulp by liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS), its antihypertensive effect was investigated on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Additionally, the renal function, evaluated by kidney/body weight, serum creatinine, proteinuria, urinary flow, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and mutagenicity in bone marrow cells were assessed to evaluate the safety of passion fruit consumption.

Genotoxicity assessment of Copaiba oil and its fractions in Swiss mice.

Copaiba oil-resin, extracted from the trunk of Copaifera, and traditionally used in folk medicine in the treatment of various disorders, has been shown to be an effective antiinflamatory, antitumor, antitetanus, antiseptic and anti-blenorrhagea agent. As, there are few studies evaluating its genotoxicity, this aspect of the commercial oil-resin, and its volatile and resinous fractions, were evaluated in mice by comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test. A single dose of oil resin, volatile or resin fractions (500; 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg b.

Antigenotoxic effects of piquiá (Caryocar villosum) in multiple rat organs.

This study investigated the in vivo genotoxicity of piquiá pulp (Caryocar villosum) and its potential antigenotoxicity on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced DNA damage by comet assay and micronucleus test. In addition, the phytochemicals present in piquiá pulp were determined. Piquiá fruit pulp (75, 150 or 300 mg/kg b.

Evaluation of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects after acute and subacute treatments with açai pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) on mice using the erythrocytes micronucleus test and the comet assay.

Açai, the fruit of a palm native to the Amazonian basin, is widely distributed in northern South America, where it has considerable economic importance. Whereas individual polyphenolics compounds in açai have been extensively evaluated, studies of the intact fruit and its biological properties are lacking. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo genotoxicity of açai and its possible antigenotoxicity on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced DNA damage.

Resveratrol attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Cisplatin is an antitumor drug widely used in the treatment of many malignant tumors. However, the most common adverse effect, nephrotoxicity, limits the use of this drug in many cancer patients. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin that presents highly efficient protection in experimental nephrotoxicity models.

Effects of the antioxidants curcumin or selenium on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats.

A large number of natural products and dietary components have been evaluated as potential chemoprotective agents. In the present investigation we report the effects of pre-treatment with two dietary antioxidants, curcumin (8 mg kg-1 body wt.) or selenium (1 mg kg-1 body wt.

Effects of selenium pretreatment on cisplatin-induced chromosome aberrations in wistar rats.

Selenium is an essential trace element and a potent anticancer agent. Extensive laboratory studies demonstrate that selenium is an effective chemopreventive agent in various sites in animals. The administration of selenium as a chemopreventive agent raises the question whether the antioxidant selenium, alone or in combination with other dietary antioxidants, could protect non-tumor cells from the clastogenic effect of cisplatin.

Effects of the antioxidants curcumin and vitamin C on cisplatin-induced clastogenesis in Wistar rat bone marrow cells.

The use of dietary antioxidants to prevent antitumor agent-induced chromosomal damage in nontumor cells is currently eliciting considerable interest. Curcumin (CMN) is a dietary antioxidant that has been reported to protect against clastogenesis in in vivo and in vitro assays. This study was undertaken to investigate the modulatory effects of CMN on cisplatin-induced chromosomal aberrations in Wistar rat bone marrow cells and whether there is any potentiation of these effects with the combination between CMN and vitamin C (VC), which has been reported to reduce the clastogenic effect of many antitumor agents in in vivo assays.

Protective effects of vitamin c against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in adult rats: a dose-dependent study.

Cisplatin is one of the most active cytotoxic agents in the treatment of cancer, but its clinical use is associated with nephrotoxicity. In the present study we report the effects of different amounts of vitamin C (50, 100 or 200 mg kg(-1)body wt.) in rat kidneys treated with cisplatin (5 mg kg(-1)body wt.

The effect of respiratory care department management of a blood gas analyzer on the appropriateness of arterial blood gas utilization.

We investigated the effects of establishing a blood gas analysis service controlled by respiratory care practitioners (RCPs) on the appropriateness of arterial blood gas (ABG) sampling. An ABG analyzer was placed outside the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) and only RCPs were permitted to process samples on it. In 1-month and 1-year follow-up audits of appropriateness of ABG analysis, the nursing staff improved from 42% appropriate to 73% appropriate in both follow-up periods.

Determination of tissue viability in experimental electrical injuries.

Electrical burns or ischemia (induced by vascular ligation) were produced in the legs of 15 anesthetized dogs to study evolution of tissue changes compared with impedance alterations. After the application of 1-ampere currents at 60 Hz, animals were monitored from 1 to 4 days. Muscle impendance was measured with frequency sweeping to determine tissue destruction.

Prehospital experience with defibrillation of coarse ventricular fibrillation: a ten-year review.

Early defibrillation of patients with coarse ventricular fibrillation has been implicated as a predictor of survival in prehospital cardiac arrest. A retrospective study of our experience with prehospital defibrillation was conducted to define the relationship between rapid delivery of first countershock and survival, determine whether a relationship exists between the number of countershocks delivered and the save rate, and assist clinicians with general guidelines for termination of advanced life support efforts in the presence of ventricular fibrillation refractory to multiple defibrillation attempts. During the ten-year study period, adult, nontraumatic, nonpoisoned, witnessed arrests with an initial rhythm of coarse ventricular fibrillation were reviewed.

Status of trauma center designation.

1) In 1986 20 states are designating trauma centers. 2) ACS guidelines appear to be the accepted standard. 3) Almost all of the states providing designation retain the power of final designation but allow individual hospitals to initiate the process.

Prophylactic lidocaine in the prehospital patient with chest pain of suspected cardiac origin.

The prophylactic use of lidocaine in the patient with cardiac chest pain has been reported to reduce the incidence of sudden death from ventricular dysrhythmias in the hospital setting, but few studies have been done in the early prehospital phase. We conducted a randomized, prospective study comparing the effects of lidocaine versus no lidocaine in stable patients presenting with chest pain to a paramedic system. In a one-year period, 446 patients qualified for the study; 222 received lidocaine and 224 did not.

Bystander/first responder CPR: ten years experience in a paramedic system.

The effectiveness of bystander CPR recently has been challenged. We undertook a ten-year retrospective review of our prehospital experience with witnessed cardiorespiratory arrest to ascertain save rates in patients receiving and not receiving CPR before paramedic advanced life support (ALS). Traumatic and poisoning arrests and children less than 18 years old were excluded.

Decision making in prehospital sudden cardiac arrest.

Many studies of prehospital resuscitation report on selected populations. We examined a series of 445 unselected nontraumatic cardiac arrests. Emergency cardiac care (ECC) was not initiated in 126 (28%).

Comparison of clinical CPR studies in Milwaukee and elsewhere in the United States.

As we mark the 25th anniversary of the clinical application of closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (SCPR), it is time to look back and analyze the progress we have made in the resuscitation of sudden death syndrome. Recent studies of SCPR's effectiveness have yielded mixed results, in comparison to early studies that were universally favorable. The continued toll of neurologic injury following SCPR resuscitation, and reinforcement of the importance of defibrillation in resuscitation, stimulate us to find improved forms of SCPR and improved methods of resuscitation delivery in emergency medical systems.

Traumatic cardiac arrest: scope of paramedic services.

The challenge of the 1960s to ambulance care provision was the stimulus for the emergence of prehospital advanced life support (ALS) being provided by paramedic personnel. While services for cardiac disease have been accepted, paramedic activities for the trauma victim continue to be a concern for many trauma surgeons. The capability and success rate of treatment, and the time spent at the scene and during transport to the hospital have raised questions about the overall need for paramedic services.

Effects of high infusion pressure and large-bore tubing on intravenous flow rates.

An in vitro study was conducted to determine the maximum flow rates that can be obtained with commercially available intravenous (IV) catheters, when infusion pressure and IV tubing size are modified. Standard tubing (3.2 mm ID) and two sizes of experimental large-bore tubing (5.

Pre-hospital IAC-CPR versus standard CPR: paramedic resuscitation of cardiac arrests.

Recent studies evaluating interposed abdominal compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (IAC-CPR) have demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and cerebral perfusion, as compared with standard CPR. A clinical evaluation of IAC-CPR effectiveness on resuscitation outcome has not been reported. A prospective randomized study comparing IAC-CRP with standard CPR for resuscitation of prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest was undertaken using the Milwaukee County Paramedic System.

Effect of circumferential pneumatic compression devices on digital flow.

We reviewed the effects of circumferential pneumatic compression suits (CPCS) when applied to normal and ischemic limbs without prior application of prehospital orthopedic traction devices beneath the garment. The digital arterial toe pressures of 11 normal and six claudicating limbs were measured with the trouser applied and the limbs pressurized to 40, 60, 80, and 100 mm Hg. In addition, normal limbs had the Hare traction device and the Sager splint applied prior to application of the trouser and retesting of the digital arterial flow.