Analytical Methods for Assessing Thiol Antioxidants in Biological Fluids: A Review.

Redox metabolism is an integral part of the glutathione system, encompassing reduced and oxidized glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and associated enzymes. This core process orchestrates a network of thiol antioxidants like thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins, alongside critical thiol-containing proteins such as mercaptoalbumin. Modifications to thiol-containing proteins, including oxidation and glutathionylation, regulate cellular signaling influencing gene activities in inflammation and carcinogenesis.

The Thermophysical and Physicochemical Properties of the Aqueous Dispersion of Graphene Oxide Dual-Beam Thermal Lens Spectrometry.

Modern heat-conducting materials require special attention to analyze their thermophysical properties. Compared to classical methods, thermal lens spectrometry (TLS) has advantages due to its high sensitivity to physical and chemical composition. To avoid a systematic error in the analysis of complex systems, it is necessary to realize the limits of the applicability of the method.

Green and Sustainable Ultrasound-Assisted Anodic Electrochemical Preparation of Graphene Oxide Dispersions and Their Antioxidant Properties.

A fast method for preparing aqueous graphene oxide (GO) dispersions by electrochemical oxidation of a graphite anode without preliminary intercalation with oxidizing agents is proposed. Ultrasonic probing was used in the modulation mode of ultrasonic waves (work/rest) for more efficient graphite oxidation-exfoliation. It is shown that the 4/2 s mode of ultrasonic modulation is the most effective due to the probe material's low corrosion while maintaining the optimum synthesis temperature not exceeding 30-35 °C and achieving the best characteristics of the resulting product.

"Cyclopropanation of Cyclopropanes": GaCl-Mediated Ionic Cyclopropanation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Diazo Esters as a Route to Tetrasubstituted Activated Cyclopropanes.

A new ionic cyclopropanation process involving the addition of diazo esters to donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DAC) activated by GaCl has been developed. The reactions occur via 1,2-zwitterionic gallium complexes with elimination of nitrogen in all cases to give 1,1,2,3-tetrasubstituted cyclopropanes as the main products. Also, a number of related processes with the formation of various polysubstituted cyclopropanes, alkenes, and cyclobutanes, including products of multiple diazo ester addition, have been developed.