Streptococcal arginine deiminase regulates endothelial inflammation, mTOR pathway and autophagy.

Endothelial cells (EC) are active participants in the inflammation process. During the infection, the change in endothelium properties provides the leukocyte infiltrate formation and restrains pathogen dissemination due to coagulation control. Pathogenic microbes are able to change the endothelium properties and functions in order to invade the bloodstream and disseminate in the host organism.

Correlates of smoking initiation among young adults in Ukraine: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: To estimate the impact of smoking restrictions in homes and schools, and tobacco advertising and information on smoking initiation by young people in Ukraine.

Methods: Data of 609 young people aged 15-29 was taken from the national representative survey conducted in June 2005.

Outcome Measures: The reported age of cigarette initiation was used to characterize the start of smoking experimentation, and the reported age of daily smoking initiation was considered to be a characteristic of established smoking.