A hierarchy in clusters of cephalopod mRNA editing sites.

RNA editing in the form of substituting adenine with inosine (A-to-I editing) is the most frequent type of RNA editing in many metazoan species. In most species, A-to-I editing sites tend to form clusters and editing at clustered sites depends on editing of the adjacent sites. Although functionally important in some specific cases, A-to-I editing usually is rare.

Ribosomal leaky scanning through a translated uORF requires eIF4G2.

eIF4G2 (DAP5 or Nat1) is a homologue of the canonical translation initiation factor eIF4G1 in higher eukaryotes but its function remains poorly understood. Unlike eIF4G1, eIF4G2 does not interact with the cap-binding protein eIF4E and is believed to drive translation under stress when eIF4E activity is impaired. Here, we show that eIF4G2 operates under normal conditions as well and promotes scanning downstream of the eIF4G1-mediated 40S recruitment and cap-proximal scanning.