Modified Baby Milk-Bioelements Composition and Toxic Elements Contamination.

Breast milk has the most suitable composition for the proper development in the first year of a child's life. However, it is often replaced with artificial milk. The aim of the study was to analyze the composition of essential elements: Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn as well as toxic elements: Ni, Pb, Sr, Li, and In in 18 formulas available in Poland.

Current treatment of the inguinal hernia - the role of the totally extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair.

Inguinal hernia repairs are one of the most common procedures performed in general surgical departments. Approximately 20 million hernia repairs are performed annually all over the world. According to the EHS guidelines, the recommended treatment methods of the inguinal hernia are tension-free techniques: the Lichtenstein open hernia repair and the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) methods.

Laparoscopic surgery of the spleen through single umbilical incision.

Introduction: Single incision transumbilical laparoscopic procedures are the next step in development of minimally invasive surgery. Recent studies prove that the new technique can be a safe alternative to multiport laparoscopy; therefore it is becoming more and more popular.

Aim: We present our preliminary experience with single incision laparoscopy of the spleen.